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	/*
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/

	/*
	* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
	* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
	* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
	* file:
	*
	* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
	* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
	* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
	*/

	package java.util.concurrent.atomic;

	import java.io.Serializable;
	import java.util.function.LongBinaryOperator;

	/**
	* One or more variables that together maintain a running {@code long}
	* value updated using a supplied function. When updates (method
	* {@link #accumulate}) are contended across threads, the set of variables
	* may grow dynamically to reduce contention. Method {@link #get}
	* (or, equivalently, {@link #longValue}) returns the current value
	* across the variables maintaining updates.
	*
	* <p>This class is usually preferable to {@link AtomicLong} when
	* multiple threads update a common value that is used for purposes such
	* as collecting statistics, not for fine-grained synchronization
	* control. Under low update contention, the two classes have similar
	* characteristics. But under high contention, expected throughput of
	* this class is significantly higher, at the expense of higher space
	* consumption.
	*
	* <p>The order of accumulation within or across threads is not
	* guaranteed and cannot be depended upon, so this class is only
	* applicable to functions for which the order of accumulation does
	* not matter. The supplied accumulator function should be
	* side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied when attempted updates
	* fail due to contention among threads. For predictable results, the
	* accumulator function should be associative and commutative. The
	* function is applied with an existing value (or identity) as one
	* argument, and a given update as the other argument. For example,
	* to maintain a running maximum value, you could supply {@code
	* Long::max} along with {@code Long.MIN_VALUE} as the identity.
	*
	* <p>Class {@link LongAdder} provides analogs of the functionality of
	* this class for the common special case of maintaining counts and
	* sums. The call {@code new LongAdder()} is equivalent to {@code new
	* LongAccumulator((x, y) -> x + y, 0L)}.
	*
	* <p>This class extends {@link Number}, but does <em>not</em> define
	* methods such as {@code equals}, {@code hashCode} and {@code
	* compareTo} because instances are expected to be mutated, and so are
	* not useful as collection keys.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	* @author Doug Lea
	*/
	public class LongAccumulator extends Striped64 implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246863182397L;

	private final LongBinaryOperator function;
	private final long identity;

	/**
	* Creates a new instance using the given accumulator function
	* and identity element.
	* @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
	* @param identity identity (initial value) for the accumulator function
	*/
	public LongAccumulator(LongBinaryOperator accumulatorFunction,
	long identity) {
	this.function = accumulatorFunction;
	base = this.identity = identity;
	}

	/**
	* Updates with the given value.
	*
	* @param x the value
	*/
	public void accumulate(long x) {
	Cell[] cs; long b, v, r; int m; Cell c;
	if ((cs = cells) != null
	\|\| ((r = function.applyAsLong(b = base, x)) != b
	&& !casBase(b, r))) {
	boolean uncontended = true;
	if (cs == null
	\|\| (m = cs.length - 1) < 0
	\|\| (c = cs[getProbe() & m]) == null
	\|\| !(uncontended =
	(r = function.applyAsLong(v = c.value, x)) == v
	\|\| c.cas(v, r)))
	longAccumulate(x, function, uncontended);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns the current value. The returned value is <em>NOT</em>
	* an atomic snapshot; invocation in the absence of concurrent
	* updates returns an accurate result, but concurrent updates that
	* occur while the value is being calculated might not be
	* incorporated.
	*
	* @return the current value
	*/
	public long get() {
	Cell[] cs = cells;
	long result = base;
	if (cs != null) {
	for (Cell c : cs)
	if (c != null)
	result = function.applyAsLong(result, c.value);
	}
	return result;
	}

	/**
	* Resets variables maintaining updates to the identity value.
	* This method may be a useful alternative to creating a new
	* updater, but is only effective if there are no concurrent
	* updates. Because this method is intrinsically racy, it should
	* only be used when it is known that no threads are concurrently
	* updating.
	*/
	public void reset() {
	Cell[] cs = cells;
	base = identity;
	if (cs != null) {
	for (Cell c : cs)
	if (c != null)
	c.reset(identity);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Equivalent in effect to {@link #get} followed by {@link
	* #reset}. This method may apply for example during quiescent
	* points between multithreaded computations. If there are
	* updates concurrent with this method, the returned value is
	* <em>not</em> guaranteed to be the final value occurring before
	* the reset.
	*
	* @return the value before reset
	*/
	public long getThenReset() {
	Cell[] cs = cells;
	long result = getAndSetBase(identity);
	if (cs != null) {
	for (Cell c : cs) {
	if (c != null) {
	long v = c.getAndSet(identity);
	result = function.applyAsLong(result, v);
	}
	}
	}
	return result;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the String representation of the current value.
	* @return the String representation of the current value
	*/
	public String toString() {
	return Long.toString(get());
	}

	/**
	* Equivalent to {@link #get}.
	*
	* @return the current value
	*/
	public long longValue() {
	return get();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the {@linkplain #get current value} as an {@code int}
	* after a narrowing primitive conversion.
	*/
	public int intValue() {
	return (int)get();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the {@linkplain #get current value} as a {@code float}
	* after a widening primitive conversion.
	*/
	public float floatValue() {
	return (float)get();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the {@linkplain #get current value} as a {@code double}
	* after a widening primitive conversion.
	*/
	public double doubleValue() {
	return (double)get();
	}

	/**
	* Serialization proxy, used to avoid reference to the non-public
	* Striped64 superclass in serialized forms.
	* @serial include
	*/
	private static class SerializationProxy implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246863182397L;

	/**
	* The current value returned by get().
	* @serial
	*/
	private final long value;

	/**
	* The function used for updates.
	* @serial
	*/
	private final LongBinaryOperator function;

	/**
	* The identity value.
	* @serial
	*/
	private final long identity;

	SerializationProxy(long value,
	LongBinaryOperator function,
	long identity) {
	this.value = value;
	this.function = function;
	this.identity = identity;
	}

	/**
	* Returns a {@code LongAccumulator} object with initial state
	* held by this proxy.
	*
	* @return a {@code LongAccumulator} object with initial state
	* held by this proxy
	*/
	private Object readResolve() {
	LongAccumulator a = new LongAccumulator(function, identity);
	a.base = value;
	return a;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns a
	* <a href="../../../../serialized-form.html#java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAccumulator.SerializationProxy">
	* SerializationProxy</a>
	* representing the state of this instance.
	*
	* @return a {@link SerializationProxy}
	* representing the state of this instance
	*/
	private Object writeReplace() {
	return new SerializationProxy(get(), function, identity);
	}

	/**
	* @param s the stream
	* @throws java.io.InvalidObjectException always
	*/
	private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
	throws java.io.InvalidObjectException {
	throw new java.io.InvalidObjectException("Proxy required");
	}

	}

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