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/*
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */
/*
 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
 * file:
 *
 * ASM: a very small and fast Java bytecode manipulation framework
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2011 INRIA, France Telecom
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 *    this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
 * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
package jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.analysis;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.AbstractInsnNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.IincInsnNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.InvokeDynamicInsnNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.LabelNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodInsnNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.MultiANewArrayInsnNode;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.VarInsnNode;
/**
 * A symbolic execution stack frame. A stack frame contains a set of local variable slots, and an
 * operand stack. Warning: long and double values are represented with <i>two</i> slots in local
 * variables, and with <i>one</i> slot in the operand stack.
 *
 * @param <V> type of the Value used for the analysis.
 * @author Eric Bruneton
 */
public class Frame<V extends Value> {
    /**
      * The expected return type of the analyzed method, or {@literal null} if the method returns void.
      */
    private V returnValue;
    /**
      * The local variables and the operand stack of this frame. The first {@link #numLocals} elements
      * correspond to the local variables. The following {@link #numStack} elements correspond to the
      * operand stack.
      */
    private V[] values;
    /** The number of local variables of this frame. */
    private int numLocals;
    /** The number of elements in the operand stack. */
    private int numStack;
    /**
      * Constructs a new frame with the given size.
      *
      * @param numLocals the maximum number of local variables of the frame.
      * @param numStack the maximum stack size of the frame.
      */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public Frame(final int numLocals, final int numStack) {
        this.values = (V[]) new Value[numLocals + numStack];
        this.numLocals = numLocals;
    }
    /**
      * Constructs a copy of the given Frame.
      *
      * @param frame a frame.
      */
    public Frame(final Frame<? extends V> frame) {
        this(frame.numLocals, frame.values.length - frame.numLocals);
        init(frame); // NOPMD(ConstructorCallsOverridableMethod): can't fix for backward compatibility.
    }
    /**
      * Copies the state of the given frame into this frame.
      *
      * @param frame a frame.
      * @return this frame.
      */
    public Frame<V> init(final Frame<? extends V> frame) {
        returnValue = frame.returnValue;
        System.arraycopy(frame.values, 0, values, 0, values.length);
        numStack = frame.numStack;
        return this;
    }
    /**
      * Initializes a frame corresponding to the target or to the successor of a jump instruction. This
      * method is called by {@link Analyzer#analyze(String, jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodNode)} while
      * interpreting jump instructions. It is called once for each possible target of the jump
      * instruction, and once for its successor instruction (except for GOTO and JSR), before the frame
      * is merged with the existing frame at this location. The default implementation of this method
      * does nothing.
      *
      * <p>Overriding this method and changing the frame values allows implementing branch-sensitive
      * analyses.
      *
      * @param opcode the opcode of the jump instruction. Can be IFEQ, IFNE, IFLT, IFGE, IFGT, IFLE,
      *     IF_ICMPEQ, IF_ICMPNE, IF_ICMPLT, IF_ICMPGE, IF_ICMPGT, IF_ICMPLE, IF_ACMPEQ, IF_ACMPNE,
      *     GOTO, JSR, IFNULL, IFNONNULL, TABLESWITCH or LOOKUPSWITCH.
      * @param target a target of the jump instruction this frame corresponds to, or {@literal null} if
      *     this frame corresponds to the successor of the jump instruction (i.e. the next instruction
      *     in the instructions sequence).
      */
    public void initJumpTarget(final int opcode, final LabelNode target) {
        // Does nothing by default.
    }
    /**
      * Sets the expected return type of the analyzed method.
      *
      * @param v the expected return type of the analyzed method, or {@literal null} if the method
      *     returns void.
      */
    public void setReturn(final V v) {
        returnValue = v;
    }
    /**
      * Returns the maximum number of local variables of this frame.
      *
      * @return the maximum number of local variables of this frame.
      */
    public int getLocals() {
        return numLocals;
    }
    /**
      * Returns the maximum stack size of this frame.
      *
      * @return the maximum stack size of this frame.
      */
    public int getMaxStackSize() {
        return values.length - numLocals;
    }
    /**
      * Returns the value of the given local variable.
      *
      * @param index a local variable index.
      * @return the value of the given local variable.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the variable does not exist.
      */
    public V getLocal(final int index) {
        if (index >= numLocals) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Trying to get an inexistant local variable " + index);
        }
        return values[index];
    }
    /**
      * Sets the value of the given local variable.
      *
      * @param index a local variable index.
      * @param value the new value of this local variable.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the variable does not exist.
      */
    public void setLocal(final int index, final V value) {
        if (index >= numLocals) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Trying to set an inexistant local variable " + index);
        }
        values[index] = value;
    }
    /**
      * Returns the number of values in the operand stack of this frame. Long and double values are
      * treated as single values.
      *
      * @return the number of values in the operand stack of this frame.
      */
    public int getStackSize() {
        return numStack;
    }
    /**
      * Returns the value of the given operand stack slot.
      *
      * @param index the index of an operand stack slot.
      * @return the value of the given operand stack slot.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the operand stack slot does not exist.
      */
    public V getStack(final int index) {
        return values[numLocals + index];
    }
    /**
      * Sets the value of the given stack slot.
      *
      * @param index the index of an operand stack slot.
      * @param value the new value of the stack slot.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the stack slot does not exist.
      */
    public void setStack(final int index, final V value) {
        values[numLocals + index] = value;
    }
    /** Clears the operand stack of this frame. */
    public void clearStack() {
        numStack = 0;
    }
    /**
      * Pops a value from the operand stack of this frame.
      *
      * @return the value that has been popped from the stack.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the operand stack is empty.
      */
    public V pop() {
        if (numStack == 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Cannot pop operand off an empty stack.");
        }
        return values[numLocals + (--numStack)];
    }
    /**
      * Pushes a value into the operand stack of this frame.
      *
      * @param value the value that must be pushed into the stack.
      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the operand stack is full.
      */
    public void push(final V value) {
        if (numLocals + numStack >= values.length) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Insufficient maximum stack size.");
        }
        values[numLocals + (numStack++)] = value;
    }
    /**
      * Simulates the execution of the given instruction on this execution stack frame.
      *
      * @param insn the instruction to execute.
      * @param interpreter the interpreter to use to compute values from other values.
      * @throws AnalyzerException if the instruction cannot be executed on this execution frame (e.g. a
      *     POP on an empty operand stack).
      */
    public void execute(final AbstractInsnNode insn, final Interpreter<V> interpreter)
            throws AnalyzerException {
        V value1;
        V value2;
        V value3;
        V value4;
        int var;
        switch (insn.getOpcode()) {
            case Opcodes.NOP:
                break;
            case Opcodes.ACONST_NULL:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_M1:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_0:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_1:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_2:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_3:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_4:
            case Opcodes.ICONST_5:
            case Opcodes.LCONST_0:
            case Opcodes.LCONST_1:
            case Opcodes.FCONST_0:
            case Opcodes.FCONST_1:
            case Opcodes.FCONST_2:
            case Opcodes.DCONST_0:
            case Opcodes.DCONST_1:
            case Opcodes.BIPUSH:
            case Opcodes.SIPUSH:
            case Opcodes.LDC:
                push(interpreter.newOperation(insn));
                break;
            case Opcodes.ILOAD:
            case Opcodes.LLOAD:
            case Opcodes.FLOAD:
            case Opcodes.DLOAD:
            case Opcodes.ALOAD:
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, getLocal(((VarInsnNode) insn).var)));
                break;
            case Opcodes.ISTORE:
            case Opcodes.LSTORE:
            case Opcodes.FSTORE:
            case Opcodes.DSTORE:
            case Opcodes.ASTORE:
                value1 = interpreter.copyOperation(insn, pop());
                var = ((VarInsnNode) insn).var;
                setLocal(var, value1);
                if (value1.getSize() == 2) {
                    setLocal(var + 1, interpreter.newEmptyValue(var + 1));
                }
                if (var > 0) {
                    Value local = getLocal(var - 1);
                    if (local != null && local.getSize() == 2) {
                        setLocal(var - 1, interpreter.newEmptyValue(var - 1));
                    }
                }
                break;
            case Opcodes.IASTORE:
            case Opcodes.LASTORE:
            case Opcodes.FASTORE:
            case Opcodes.DASTORE:
            case Opcodes.AASTORE:
            case Opcodes.BASTORE:
            case Opcodes.CASTORE:
            case Opcodes.SASTORE:
                value3 = pop();
                value2 = pop();
                value1 = pop();
                interpreter.ternaryOperation(insn, value1, value2, value3);
                break;
            case Opcodes.POP:
                if (pop().getSize() == 2) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of POP");
                }
                break;
            case Opcodes.POP2:
                if (pop().getSize() == 1 && pop().getSize() != 1) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of POP2");
                }
                break;
            case Opcodes.DUP:
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() != 1) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP");
                }
                push(value1);
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                break;
            case Opcodes.DUP_X1:
                value1 = pop();
                value2 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() != 1 || value2.getSize() != 1) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP_X1");
                }
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                push(value2);
                push(value1);
                break;
            case Opcodes.DUP_X2:
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() == 1 && executeDupX2(insn, value1, interpreter)) {
                    break;
                }
                throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP_X2");
            case Opcodes.DUP2:
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() == 1) {
                    value2 = pop();
                    if (value2.getSize() == 1) {
                        push(value2);
                        push(value1);
                        push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value2));
                        push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                        break;
                    }
                } else {
                    push(value1);
                    push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                    break;
                }
                throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP2");
            case Opcodes.DUP2_X1:
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() == 1) {
                    value2 = pop();
                    if (value2.getSize() == 1) {
                        value3 = pop();
                        if (value3.getSize() == 1) {
                            push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value2));
                            push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                            push(value3);
                            push(value2);
                            push(value1);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    value2 = pop();
                    if (value2.getSize() == 1) {
                        push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                        push(value2);
                        push(value1);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP2_X1");
            case Opcodes.DUP2_X2:
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() == 1) {
                    value2 = pop();
                    if (value2.getSize() == 1) {
                        value3 = pop();
                        if (value3.getSize() == 1) {
                            value4 = pop();
                            if (value4.getSize() == 1) {
                                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value2));
                                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                                push(value4);
                                push(value3);
                                push(value2);
                                push(value1);
                                break;
                            }
                        } else {
                            push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value2));
                            push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                            push(value3);
                            push(value2);
                            push(value1);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else if (executeDupX2(insn, value1, interpreter)) {
                    break;
                }
                throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of DUP2_X2");
            case Opcodes.SWAP:
                value2 = pop();
                value1 = pop();
                if (value1.getSize() != 1 || value2.getSize() != 1) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal use of SWAP");
                }
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value2));
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                break;
            case Opcodes.IALOAD:
            case Opcodes.LALOAD:
            case Opcodes.FALOAD:
            case Opcodes.DALOAD:
            case Opcodes.AALOAD:
            case Opcodes.BALOAD:
            case Opcodes.CALOAD:
            case Opcodes.SALOAD:
            case Opcodes.IADD:
            case Opcodes.LADD:
            case Opcodes.FADD:
            case Opcodes.DADD:
            case Opcodes.ISUB:
            case Opcodes.LSUB:
            case Opcodes.FSUB:
            case Opcodes.DSUB:
            case Opcodes.IMUL:
            case Opcodes.LMUL:
            case Opcodes.FMUL:
            case Opcodes.DMUL:
            case Opcodes.IDIV:
            case Opcodes.LDIV:
            case Opcodes.FDIV:
            case Opcodes.DDIV:
            case Opcodes.IREM:
            case Opcodes.LREM:
            case Opcodes.FREM:
            case Opcodes.DREM:
            case Opcodes.ISHL:
            case Opcodes.LSHL:
            case Opcodes.ISHR:
            case Opcodes.LSHR:
            case Opcodes.IUSHR:
            case Opcodes.LUSHR:
            case Opcodes.IAND:
            case Opcodes.LAND:
            case Opcodes.IOR:
            case Opcodes.LOR:
            case Opcodes.IXOR:
            case Opcodes.LXOR:
            case Opcodes.LCMP:
            case Opcodes.FCMPL:
            case Opcodes.FCMPG:
            case Opcodes.DCMPL:
            case Opcodes.DCMPG:
                value2 = pop();
                value1 = pop();
                push(interpreter.binaryOperation(insn, value1, value2));
                break;
            case Opcodes.INEG:
            case Opcodes.LNEG:
            case Opcodes.FNEG:
            case Opcodes.DNEG:
                push(interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop()));
                break;
            case Opcodes.IINC:
                var = ((IincInsnNode) insn).var;
                setLocal(var, interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, getLocal(var)));
                break;
            case Opcodes.I2L:
            case Opcodes.I2F:
            case Opcodes.I2D:
            case Opcodes.L2I:
            case Opcodes.L2F:
            case Opcodes.L2D:
            case Opcodes.F2I:
            case Opcodes.F2L:
            case Opcodes.F2D:
            case Opcodes.D2I:
            case Opcodes.D2L:
            case Opcodes.D2F:
            case Opcodes.I2B:
            case Opcodes.I2C:
            case Opcodes.I2S:
                push(interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop()));
                break;
            case Opcodes.IFEQ:
            case Opcodes.IFNE:
            case Opcodes.IFLT:
            case Opcodes.IFGE:
            case Opcodes.IFGT:
            case Opcodes.IFLE:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPEQ:
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPNE:
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPLT:
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPGE:
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPGT:
            case Opcodes.IF_ICMPLE:
            case Opcodes.IF_ACMPEQ:
            case Opcodes.IF_ACMPNE:
            case Opcodes.PUTFIELD:
                value2 = pop();
                value1 = pop();
                interpreter.binaryOperation(insn, value1, value2);
                break;
            case Opcodes.GOTO:
                break;
            case Opcodes.JSR:
                push(interpreter.newOperation(insn));
                break;
            case Opcodes.RET:
                break;
            case Opcodes.TABLESWITCH:
            case Opcodes.LOOKUPSWITCH:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            case Opcodes.IRETURN:
            case Opcodes.LRETURN:
            case Opcodes.FRETURN:
            case Opcodes.DRETURN:
            case Opcodes.ARETURN:
                value1 = pop();
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, value1);
                interpreter.returnOperation(insn, value1, returnValue);
                break;
            case Opcodes.RETURN:
                if (returnValue != null) {
                    throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Incompatible return type");
                }
                break;
            case Opcodes.GETSTATIC:
                push(interpreter.newOperation(insn));
                break;
            case Opcodes.PUTSTATIC:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            case Opcodes.GETFIELD:
                push(interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop()));
                break;
            case Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL:
            case Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL:
            case Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC:
            case Opcodes.INVOKEINTERFACE:
                executeInvokeInsn(insn, ((MethodInsnNode) insn).desc, interpreter);
                break;
            case Opcodes.INVOKEDYNAMIC:
                executeInvokeInsn(insn, ((InvokeDynamicInsnNode) insn).desc, interpreter);
                break;
            case Opcodes.NEW:
                push(interpreter.newOperation(insn));
                break;
            case Opcodes.NEWARRAY:
            case Opcodes.ANEWARRAY:
            case Opcodes.ARRAYLENGTH:
                push(interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop()));
                break;
            case Opcodes.ATHROW:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            case Opcodes.CHECKCAST:
            case Opcodes.INSTANCEOF:
                push(interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop()));
                break;
            case Opcodes.MONITORENTER:
            case Opcodes.MONITOREXIT:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            case Opcodes.MULTIANEWARRAY:
                List<V> valueList = new ArrayList<>();
                for (int i = ((MultiANewArrayInsnNode) insn).dims; i > 0; --i) {
                    valueList.add(0, pop());
                }
                push(interpreter.naryOperation(insn, valueList));
                break;
            case Opcodes.IFNULL:
            case Opcodes.IFNONNULL:
                interpreter.unaryOperation(insn, pop());
                break;
            default:
                throw new AnalyzerException(insn, "Illegal opcode " + insn.getOpcode());
        }
    }
    private boolean executeDupX2(
            final AbstractInsnNode insn, final V value1, final Interpreter<V> interpreter)
            throws AnalyzerException {
        V value2 = pop();
        if (value2.getSize() == 1) {
            V value3 = pop();
            if (value3.getSize() == 1) {
                push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
                push(value3);
                push(value2);
                push(value1);
                return true;
            }
        } else {
            push(interpreter.copyOperation(insn, value1));
            push(value2);
            push(value1);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    private void executeInvokeInsn(
            final AbstractInsnNode insn, final String methodDescriptor, final Interpreter<V> interpreter)
            throws AnalyzerException {
        ArrayList<V> valueList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = Type.getArgumentTypes(methodDescriptor).length; i > 0; --i) {
            valueList.add(0, pop());
        }
        if (insn.getOpcode() != Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC && insn.getOpcode() != Opcodes.INVOKEDYNAMIC) {
            valueList.add(0, pop());
        }
        if (Type.getReturnType(methodDescriptor) == Type.VOID_TYPE) {
            interpreter.naryOperation(insn, valueList);
        } else {
            push(interpreter.naryOperation(insn, valueList));
        }
    }
    /**
      * Merges the given frame into this frame.
      *
      * @param frame a frame. This frame is left unchanged by this method.
      * @param interpreter the interpreter used to merge values.
      * @return {@literal true} if this frame has been changed as a result of the merge operation, or
      *     {@literal false} otherwise.
      * @throws AnalyzerException if the frames have incompatible sizes.
      */
    public boolean merge(final Frame<? extends V> frame, final Interpreter<V> interpreter)
            throws AnalyzerException {
        if (numStack != frame.numStack) {
            throw new AnalyzerException(null, "Incompatible stack heights");
        }
        boolean changed = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < numLocals + numStack; ++i) {
            V v = interpreter.merge(values[i], frame.values[i]);
            if (!v.equals(values[i])) {
                values[i] = v;
                changed = true;
            }
        }
        return changed;
    }
    /**
      * Merges the given frame into this frame (case of a subroutine). The operand stacks are not
      * merged, and only the local variables that have not been used by the subroutine are merged.
      *
      * @param frame a frame. This frame is left unchanged by this method.
      * @param localsUsed the local variables that are read or written by the subroutine. The i-th
      *     element is true if and only if the local variable at index i is read or written by the
      *     subroutine.
      * @return {@literal true} if this frame has been changed as a result of the merge operation, or
      *     {@literal false} otherwise.
      */
    public boolean merge(final Frame<? extends V> frame, final boolean[] localsUsed) {
        boolean changed = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < numLocals; ++i) {
            if (!localsUsed[i] && !values[i].equals(frame.values[i])) {
                values[i] = frame.values[i];
                changed = true;
            }
        }
        return changed;
    }
    /**
      * Returns a string representation of this frame.
      *
      * @return a string representation of this frame.
      */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < getLocals(); ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(getLocal(i));
        }
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        for (int i = 0; i < getStackSize(); ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(getStack(i).toString());
        }
        return stringBuilder.toString();
    }
}
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