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	/*
	* Copyright (c) 1994, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/

	package java.util;

	import java.text.DateFormat;
	import java.time.LocalDate;
	import java.io.IOException;
	import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
	import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
	import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
	import java.time.Instant;
	import sun.util.calendar.BaseCalendar;
	import sun.util.calendar.CalendarDate;
	import sun.util.calendar.CalendarSystem;
	import sun.util.calendar.CalendarUtils;
	import sun.util.calendar.Era;
	import sun.util.calendar.Gregorian;
	import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo;

	/**
	* The class <code>Date</code> represents a specific instant
	* in time, with millisecond precision.
	* <p>
	* Prior to JDK 1.1, the class <code>Date</code> had two additional
	* functions. It allowed the interpretation of dates as year, month, day, hour,
	* minute, and second values. It also allowed the formatting and parsing
	* of date strings. Unfortunately, the API for these functions was not
	* amenable to internationalization. As of JDK 1.1, the
	* <code>Calendar</code> class should be used to convert between dates and time
	* fields and the <code>DateFormat</code> class should be used to format and
	* parse date strings.
	* The corresponding methods in <code>Date</code> are deprecated.
	* <p>
	* Although the <code>Date</code> class is intended to reflect
	* coordinated universal time (UTC), it may not do so exactly,
	* depending on the host environment of the Java Virtual Machine.
	* Nearly all modern operating systems assume that 1 day =
	* 24 × 60 × 60 = 86400 seconds
	* in all cases. In UTC, however, about once every year or two there
	* is an extra second, called a "leap second." The leap
	* second is always added as the last second of the day, and always
	* on December 31 or June 30. For example, the last minute of the
	* year 1995 was 61 seconds long, thanks to an added leap second.
	* Most computer clocks are not accurate enough to be able to reflect
	* the leap-second distinction.
	* <p>
	* Some computer standards are defined in terms of Greenwich mean
	* time (GMT), which is equivalent to universal time (UT). GMT is
	* the "civil" name for the standard; UT is the
	* "scientific" name for the same standard. The
	* distinction between UTC and UT is that UTC is based on an atomic
	* clock and UT is based on astronomical observations, which for all
	* practical purposes is an invisibly fine hair to split. Because the
	* earth's rotation is not uniform (it slows down and speeds up
	* in complicated ways), UT does not always flow uniformly. Leap
	* seconds are introduced as needed into UTC so as to keep UTC within
	* 0.9 seconds of UT1, which is a version of UT with certain
	* corrections applied. There are other time and date systems as
	* well; for example, the time scale used by the satellite-based
	* global positioning system (GPS) is synchronized to UTC but is
	* <i>not</i> adjusted for leap seconds. An interesting source of
	* further information is the U.S. Naval Observatory, particularly
	* the Directorate of Time at:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* <a href=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil>http://tycho.usno.navy.mil</a>
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* and their definitions of "Systems of Time" at:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* <a href=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html>http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html</a>
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* In all methods of class <code>Date</code> that accept or return
	* year, month, date, hours, minutes, and seconds values, the
	* following representations are used:
	* <ul>
	* <li>A year <i>y</i> is represented by the integer
	* <i>y</i> <code>- 1900</code>.
	* <li>A month is represented by an integer from 0 to 11; 0 is January,
	* 1 is February, and so forth; thus 11 is December.
	* <li>A date (day of month) is represented by an integer from 1 to 31
	* in the usual manner.
	* <li>An hour is represented by an integer from 0 to 23. Thus, the hour
	* from midnight to 1 a.m. is hour 0, and the hour from noon to 1
	* p.m. is hour 12.
	* <li>A minute is represented by an integer from 0 to 59 in the usual manner.
	* <li>A second is represented by an integer from 0 to 61; the values 60 and
	* 61 occur only for leap seconds and even then only in Java
	* implementations that actually track leap seconds correctly. Because
	* of the manner in which leap seconds are currently introduced, it is
	* extremely unlikely that two leap seconds will occur in the same
	* minute, but this specification follows the date and time conventions
	* for ISO C.
	* </ul>
	* <p>
	* In all cases, arguments given to methods for these purposes need
	* not fall within the indicated ranges; for example, a date may be
	* specified as January 32 and is interpreted as meaning February 1.
	*
	* @author James Gosling
	* @author Arthur van Hoff
	* @author Alan Liu
	* @see java.text.DateFormat
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @see java.util.TimeZone
	* @since JDK1.0
	*/
	public class Date
	implements java.io.Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Date>
	{
	private static final BaseCalendar gcal =
	CalendarSystem.getGregorianCalendar();
	private static BaseCalendar jcal;

	private transient long fastTime;

	/*
	* If cdate is null, then fastTime indicates the time in millis.
	* If cdate.isNormalized() is true, then fastTime and cdate are in
	* synch. Otherwise, fastTime is ignored, and cdate indicates the
	* time.
	*/
	private transient BaseCalendar.Date cdate;

	// Initialized just before the value is used. See parse().
	private static int defaultCenturyStart;

	/* use serialVersionUID from modified java.util.Date for
	* interoperability with JDK1.1. The Date was modified to write
	* and read only the UTC time.
	*/
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 7523967970034938905L;

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
	* it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the
	* nearest millisecond.
	*
	* @see java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
	*/
	public Date() {
	this(System.currentTimeMillis());
	}

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it to
	* represent the specified number of milliseconds since the
	* standard base time known as "the epoch", namely January 1,
	* 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
	*
	* @param date the milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
	* @see java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
	*/
	public Date(long date) {
	fastTime = date;
	}

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
	* it represents midnight, local time, at the beginning of the day
	* specified by the <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and
	* <code>date</code> arguments.
	*
	* @param year the year minus 1900.
	* @param month the month between 0-11.
	* @param date the day of the month between 1-31.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date)</code>
	* or <code>GregorianCalendar(year + 1900, month, date)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public Date(int year, int month, int date) {
	this(year, month, date, 0, 0, 0);
	}

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
	* it represents the instant at the start of the minute specified by
	* the <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, <code>date</code>,
	* <code>hrs</code>, and <code>min</code> arguments, in the local
	* time zone.
	*
	* @param year the year minus 1900.
	* @param month the month between 0-11.
	* @param date the day of the month between 1-31.
	* @param hrs the hours between 0-23.
	* @param min the minutes between 0-59.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
	* hrs, min)</code> or <code>GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
	* month, date, hrs, min)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public Date(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min) {
	this(year, month, date, hrs, min, 0);
	}

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
	* it represents the instant at the start of the second specified
	* by the <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, <code>date</code>,
	* <code>hrs</code>, <code>min</code>, and <code>sec</code> arguments,
	* in the local time zone.
	*
	* @param year the year minus 1900.
	* @param month the month between 0-11.
	* @param date the day of the month between 1-31.
	* @param hrs the hours between 0-23.
	* @param min the minutes between 0-59.
	* @param sec the seconds between 0-59.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
	* hrs, min, sec)</code> or <code>GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
	* month, date, hrs, min, sec)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public Date(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min, int sec) {
	int y = year + 1900;
	// month is 0-based. So we have to normalize month to support Long.MAX_VALUE.
	if (month >= 12) {
	y += month / 12;
	month %= 12;
	} else if (month < 0) {
	y += CalendarUtils.floorDivide(month, 12);
	month = CalendarUtils.mod(month, 12);
	}
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(y);
	cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
	cdate.setNormalizedDate(y, month + 1, date).setTimeOfDay(hrs, min, sec, 0);
	getTimeImpl();
	cdate = null;
	}

	/**
	* Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
	* it represents the date and time indicated by the string
	* <code>s</code>, which is interpreted as if by the
	* {@link Date#parse} method.
	*
	* @param s a string representation of the date.
	* @see java.text.DateFormat
	* @see java.util.Date#parse(java.lang.String)
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>DateFormat.parse(String s)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public Date(String s) {
	this(parse(s));
	}

	/**
	* Return a copy of this object.
	*/
	public Object clone() {
	Date d = null;
	try {
	d = (Date)super.clone();
	if (cdate != null) {
	d.cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cdate.clone();
	}
	} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {} // Won't happen
	return d;
	}

	/**
	* Determines the date and time based on the arguments. The
	* arguments are interpreted as a year, month, day of the month,
	* hour of the day, minute within the hour, and second within the
	* minute, exactly as for the <tt>Date</tt> constructor with six
	* arguments, except that the arguments are interpreted relative
	* to UTC rather than to the local time zone. The time indicated is
	* returned represented as the distance, measured in milliseconds,
	* of that time from the epoch (00:00:00 GMT on January 1, 1970).
	*
	* @param year the year minus 1900.
	* @param month the month between 0-11.
	* @param date the day of the month between 1-31.
	* @param hrs the hours between 0-23.
	* @param min the minutes between 0-59.
	* @param sec the seconds between 0-59.
	* @return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT for
	* the date and time specified by the arguments.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
	* hrs, min, sec)</code> or <code>GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
	* month, date, hrs, min, sec)</code>, using a UTC
	* <code>TimeZone</code>, followed by <code>Calendar.getTime().getTime()</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public static long UTC(int year, int month, int date,
	int hrs, int min, int sec) {
	int y = year + 1900;
	// month is 0-based. So we have to normalize month to support Long.MAX_VALUE.
	if (month >= 12) {
	y += month / 12;
	month %= 12;
	} else if (month < 0) {
	y += CalendarUtils.floorDivide(month, 12);
	month = CalendarUtils.mod(month, 12);
	}
	int m = month + 1;
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(y);
	BaseCalendar.Date udate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(null);
	udate.setNormalizedDate(y, m, date).setTimeOfDay(hrs, min, sec, 0);

	// Use a Date instance to perform normalization. Its fastTime
	// is the UTC value after the normalization.
	Date d = new Date(0);
	d.normalize(udate);
	return d.fastTime;
	}

	/**
	* Attempts to interpret the string <tt>s</tt> as a representation
	* of a date and time. If the attempt is successful, the time
	* indicated is returned represented as the distance, measured in
	* milliseconds, of that time from the epoch (00:00:00 GMT on
	* January 1, 1970). If the attempt fails, an
	* <tt>IllegalArgumentException</tt> is thrown.
	* <p>
	* It accepts many syntaxes; in particular, it recognizes the IETF
	* standard date syntax: "Sat, 12 Aug 1995 13:30:00 GMT". It also
	* understands the continental U.S. time-zone abbreviations, but for
	* general use, a time-zone offset should be used: "Sat, 12 Aug 1995
	* 13:30:00 GMT+0430" (4 hours, 30 minutes west of the Greenwich
	* meridian). If no time zone is specified, the local time zone is
	* assumed. GMT and UTC are considered equivalent.
	* <p>
	* The string <tt>s</tt> is processed from left to right, looking for
	* data of interest. Any material in <tt>s</tt> that is within the
	* ASCII parenthesis characters <tt>(</tt> and <tt>)</tt> is ignored.
	* Parentheses may be nested. Otherwise, the only characters permitted
	* within <tt>s</tt> are these ASCII characters:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
	* ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
	* 0123456789,+-:/</pre></blockquote>
	* and whitespace characters.<p>
	* A consecutive sequence of decimal digits is treated as a decimal
	* number:<ul>
	* <li>If a number is preceded by <tt>+</tt> or <tt>-</tt> and a year
	* has already been recognized, then the number is a time-zone
	* offset. If the number is less than 24, it is an offset measured
	* in hours. Otherwise, it is regarded as an offset in minutes,
	* expressed in 24-hour time format without punctuation. A
	* preceding <tt>-</tt> means a westward offset. Time zone offsets
	* are always relative to UTC (Greenwich). Thus, for example,
	* <tt>-5</tt> occurring in the string would mean "five hours west
	* of Greenwich" and <tt>+0430</tt> would mean "four hours and
	* thirty minutes east of Greenwich." It is permitted for the
	* string to specify <tt>GMT</tt>, <tt>UT</tt>, or <tt>UTC</tt>
	* redundantly-for example, <tt>GMT-5</tt> or <tt>utc+0430</tt>.
	* <li>The number is regarded as a year number if one of the
	* following conditions is true:
	* <ul>
	* <li>The number is equal to or greater than 70 and followed by a
	* space, comma, slash, or end of string
	* <li>The number is less than 70, and both a month and a day of
	* the month have already been recognized</li>
	* </ul>
	* If the recognized year number is less than 100, it is
	* interpreted as an abbreviated year relative to a century of
	* which dates are within 80 years before and 19 years after
	* the time when the Date class is initialized.
	* After adjusting the year number, 1900 is subtracted from
	* it. For example, if the current year is 1999 then years in
	* the range 19 to 99 are assumed to mean 1919 to 1999, while
	* years from 0 to 18 are assumed to mean 2000 to 2018. Note
	* that this is slightly different from the interpretation of
	* years less than 100 that is used in {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat}.
	* <li>If the number is followed by a colon, it is regarded as an hour,
	* unless an hour has already been recognized, in which case it is
	* regarded as a minute.
	* <li>If the number is followed by a slash, it is regarded as a month
	* (it is decreased by 1 to produce a number in the range <tt>0</tt>
	* to <tt>11</tt>), unless a month has already been recognized, in
	* which case it is regarded as a day of the month.
	* <li>If the number is followed by whitespace, a comma, a hyphen, or
	* end of string, then if an hour has been recognized but not a
	* minute, it is regarded as a minute; otherwise, if a minute has
	* been recognized but not a second, it is regarded as a second;
	* otherwise, it is regarded as a day of the month. </ul><p>
	* A consecutive sequence of letters is regarded as a word and treated
	* as follows:<ul>
	* <li>A word that matches <tt>AM</tt>, ignoring case, is ignored (but
	* the parse fails if an hour has not been recognized or is less
	* than <tt>1</tt> or greater than <tt>12</tt>).
	* <li>A word that matches <tt>PM</tt>, ignoring case, adds <tt>12</tt>
	* to the hour (but the parse fails if an hour has not been
	* recognized or is less than <tt>1</tt> or greater than <tt>12</tt>).
	* <li>Any word that matches any prefix of <tt>SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY,
	* WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY</tt>, or <tt>SATURDAY</tt>, ignoring
	* case, is ignored. For example, <tt>sat, Friday, TUE</tt>, and
	* <tt>Thurs</tt> are ignored.
	* <li>Otherwise, any word that matches any prefix of <tt>JANUARY,
	* FEBRUARY, MARCH, APRIL, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER,
	* OCTOBER, NOVEMBER</tt>, or <tt>DECEMBER</tt>, ignoring case, and
	* considering them in the order given here, is recognized as
	* specifying a month and is converted to a number (<tt>0</tt> to
	* <tt>11</tt>). For example, <tt>aug, Sept, april</tt>, and
	* <tt>NOV</tt> are recognized as months. So is <tt>Ma</tt>, which
	* is recognized as <tt>MARCH</tt>, not <tt>MAY</tt>.
	* <li>Any word that matches <tt>GMT, UT</tt>, or <tt>UTC</tt>, ignoring
	* case, is treated as referring to UTC.
	* <li>Any word that matches <tt>EST, CST, MST</tt>, or <tt>PST</tt>,
	* ignoring case, is recognized as referring to the time zone in
	* North America that is five, six, seven, or eight hours west of
	* Greenwich, respectively. Any word that matches <tt>EDT, CDT,
	* MDT</tt>, or <tt>PDT</tt>, ignoring case, is recognized as
	* referring to the same time zone, respectively, during daylight
	* saving time.</ul><p>
	* Once the entire string s has been scanned, it is converted to a time
	* result in one of two ways. If a time zone or time-zone offset has been
	* recognized, then the year, month, day of month, hour, minute, and
	* second are interpreted in UTC and then the time-zone offset is
	* applied. Otherwise, the year, month, day of month, hour, minute, and
	* second are interpreted in the local time zone.
	*
	* @param s a string to be parsed as a date.
	* @return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT
	* represented by the string argument.
	* @see java.text.DateFormat
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>DateFormat.parse(String s)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public static long parse(String s) {
	int year = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	int mon = -1;
	int mday = -1;
	int hour = -1;
	int min = -1;
	int sec = -1;
	int millis = -1;
	int c = -1;
	int i = 0;
	int n = -1;
	int wst = -1;
	int tzoffset = -1;
	int prevc = 0;
	syntax:
	{
	if (s == null)
	break syntax;
	int limit = s.length();
	while (i < limit) {
	c = s.charAt(i);
	i++;
	if (c <= ' ' \|\| c == ',')
	continue;
	if (c == '(') { // skip comments
	int depth = 1;
	while (i < limit) {
	c = s.charAt(i);
	i++;
	if (c == '(') depth++;
	else if (c == ')')
	if (--depth <= 0)
	break;
	}
	continue;
	}
	if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
	n = c - '0';
	while (i < limit && '0' <= (c = s.charAt(i)) && c <= '9') {
	n = n * 10 + c - '0';
	i++;
	}
	if (prevc == '+' \|\| prevc == '-' && year != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
	// timezone offset
	if (n < 24)
	n = n * 60; // EG. "GMT-3"
	else
	n = n % 100 + n / 100 * 60; // eg "GMT-0430"
	if (prevc == '+') // plus means east of GMT
	n = -n;
	if (tzoffset != 0 && tzoffset != -1)
	break syntax;
	tzoffset = n;
	} else if (n >= 70)
	if (year != Integer.MIN_VALUE)
	break syntax;
	else if (c <= ' ' \|\| c == ',' \|\| c == '/' \|\| i >= limit)
	// year = n < 1900 ? n : n - 1900;
	year = n;
	else
	break syntax;
	else if (c == ':')
	if (hour < 0)
	hour = (byte) n;
	else if (min < 0)
	min = (byte) n;
	else
	break syntax;
	else if (c == '/')
	if (mon < 0)
	mon = (byte) (n - 1);
	else if (mday < 0)
	mday = (byte) n;
	else
	break syntax;
	else if (i < limit && c != ',' && c > ' ' && c != '-')
	break syntax;
	else if (hour >= 0 && min < 0)
	min = (byte) n;
	else if (min >= 0 && sec < 0)
	sec = (byte) n;
	else if (mday < 0)
	mday = (byte) n;
	// Handle two-digit years < 70 (70-99 handled above).
	else if (year == Integer.MIN_VALUE && mon >= 0 && mday >= 0)
	year = n;
	else
	break syntax;
	prevc = 0;
	} else if (c == '/' \|\| c == ':' \|\| c == '+' \|\| c == '-')
	prevc = c;
	else {
	int st = i - 1;
	while (i < limit) {
	c = s.charAt(i);
	if (!('A' <= c && c <= 'Z' \|\| 'a' <= c && c <= 'z'))
	break;
	i++;
	}
	if (i <= st + 1)
	break syntax;
	int k;
	for (k = wtb.length; --k >= 0;)
	if (wtb[k].regionMatches(true, 0, s, st, i - st)) {
	int action = ttb[k];
	if (action != 0) {
	if (action == 1) { // pm
	if (hour > 12 \|\| hour < 1)
	break syntax;
	else if (hour < 12)
	hour += 12;
	} else if (action == 14) { // am
	if (hour > 12 \|\| hour < 1)
	break syntax;
	else if (hour == 12)
	hour = 0;
	} else if (action <= 13) { // month!
	if (mon < 0)
	mon = (byte) (action - 2);
	else
	break syntax;
	} else {
	tzoffset = action - 10000;
	}
	}
	break;
	}
	if (k < 0)
	break syntax;
	prevc = 0;
	}
	}
	if (year == Integer.MIN_VALUE \|\| mon < 0 \|\| mday < 0)
	break syntax;
	// Parse 2-digit years within the correct default century.
	if (year < 100) {
	synchronized (Date.class) {
	if (defaultCenturyStart == 0) {
	defaultCenturyStart = gcal.getCalendarDate().getYear() - 80;
	}
	}
	year += (defaultCenturyStart / 100) * 100;
	if (year < defaultCenturyStart) year += 100;
	}
	if (sec < 0)
	sec = 0;
	if (min < 0)
	min = 0;
	if (hour < 0)
	hour = 0;
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(year);
	if (tzoffset == -1) { // no time zone specified, have to use local
	BaseCalendar.Date ldate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
	ldate.setDate(year, mon + 1, mday);
	ldate.setTimeOfDay(hour, min, sec, 0);
	return cal.getTime(ldate);
	}
	BaseCalendar.Date udate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(null); // no time zone
	udate.setDate(year, mon + 1, mday);
	udate.setTimeOfDay(hour, min, sec, 0);
	return cal.getTime(udate) + tzoffset * (60 * 1000);
	}
	// syntax error
	throw new IllegalArgumentException();
	}
	private final static String wtb[] = {
	"am", "pm",
	"monday", "tuesday", "wednesday", "thursday", "friday",
	"saturday", "sunday",
	"january", "february", "march", "april", "may", "june",
	"july", "august", "september", "october", "november", "december",
	"gmt", "ut", "utc", "est", "edt", "cst", "cdt",
	"mst", "mdt", "pst", "pdt"
	};
	private final static int ttb[] = {
	14, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
	10000 + 0, 10000 + 0, 10000 + 0, // GMT/UT/UTC
	10000 + 5 * 60, 10000 + 4 * 60, // EST/EDT
	10000 + 6 * 60, 10000 + 5 * 60, // CST/CDT
	10000 + 7 * 60, 10000 + 6 * 60, // MST/MDT
	10000 + 8 * 60, 10000 + 7 * 60 // PST/PDT
	};

	/**
	* Returns a value that is the result of subtracting 1900 from the
	* year that contains or begins with the instant in time represented
	* by this <code>Date</code> object, as interpreted in the local
	* time zone.
	*
	* @return the year represented by this date, minus 1900.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) - 1900</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getYear() {
	return normalize().getYear() - 1900;
	}

	/**
	* Sets the year of this <tt>Date</tt> object to be the specified
	* value plus 1900. This <code>Date</code> object is modified so
	* that it represents a point in time within the specified year,
	* with the month, date, hour, minute, and second the same as
	* before, as interpreted in the local time zone. (Of course, if
	* the date was February 29, for example, and the year is set to a
	* non-leap year, then the new date will be treated as if it were
	* on March 1.)
	*
	* @param year the year value.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, year + 1900)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setYear(int year) {
	getCalendarDate().setNormalizedYear(year + 1900);
	}

	/**
	* Returns a number representing the month that contains or begins
	* with the instant in time represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object.
	* The value returned is between <code>0</code> and <code>11</code>,
	* with the value <code>0</code> representing January.
	*
	* @return the month represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getMonth() {
	return normalize().getMonth() - 1; // adjust 1-based to 0-based
	}

	/**
	* Sets the month of this date to the specified value. This
	* <tt>Date</tt> object is modified so that it represents a point
	* in time within the specified month, with the year, date, hour,
	* minute, and second the same as before, as interpreted in the
	* local time zone. If the date was October 31, for example, and
	* the month is set to June, then the new date will be treated as
	* if it were on July 1, because June has only 30 days.
	*
	* @param month the month value between 0-11.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, int month)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setMonth(int month) {
	int y = 0;
	if (month >= 12) {
	y = month / 12;
	month %= 12;
	} else if (month < 0) {
	y = CalendarUtils.floorDivide(month, 12);
	month = CalendarUtils.mod(month, 12);
	}
	BaseCalendar.Date d = getCalendarDate();
	if (y != 0) {
	d.setNormalizedYear(d.getNormalizedYear() + y);
	}
	d.setMonth(month + 1); // adjust 0-based to 1-based month numbering
	}

	/**
	* Returns the day of the month represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object.
	* The value returned is between <code>1</code> and <code>31</code>
	* representing the day of the month that contains or begins with the
	* instant in time represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object, as
	* interpreted in the local time zone.
	*
	* @return the day of the month represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)</code>.
	* @deprecated
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getDate() {
	return normalize().getDayOfMonth();
	}

	/**
	* Sets the day of the month of this <tt>Date</tt> object to the
	* specified value. This <tt>Date</tt> object is modified so that
	* it represents a point in time within the specified day of the
	* month, with the year, month, hour, minute, and second the same
	* as before, as interpreted in the local time zone. If the date
	* was April 30, for example, and the date is set to 31, then it
	* will be treated as if it were on May 1, because April has only
	* 30 days.
	*
	* @param date the day of the month value between 1-31.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, int date)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setDate(int date) {
	getCalendarDate().setDayOfMonth(date);
	}

	/**
	* Returns the day of the week represented by this date. The
	* returned value (<tt>0</tt> = Sunday, <tt>1</tt> = Monday,
	* <tt>2</tt> = Tuesday, <tt>3</tt> = Wednesday, <tt>4</tt> =
	* Thursday, <tt>5</tt> = Friday, <tt>6</tt> = Saturday)
	* represents the day of the week that contains or begins with
	* the instant in time represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object,
	* as interpreted in the local time zone.
	*
	* @return the day of the week represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getDay() {
	return normalize().getDayOfWeek() - BaseCalendar.SUNDAY;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the hour represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object. The
	* returned value is a number (<tt>0</tt> through <tt>23</tt>)
	* representing the hour within the day that contains or begins
	* with the instant in time represented by this <tt>Date</tt>
	* object, as interpreted in the local time zone.
	*
	* @return the hour represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getHours() {
	return normalize().getHours();
	}

	/**
	* Sets the hour of this <tt>Date</tt> object to the specified value.
	* This <tt>Date</tt> object is modified so that it represents a point
	* in time within the specified hour of the day, with the year, month,
	* date, minute, and second the same as before, as interpreted in the
	* local time zone.
	*
	* @param hours the hour value.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, int hours)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setHours(int hours) {
	getCalendarDate().setHours(hours);
	}

	/**
	* Returns the number of minutes past the hour represented by this date,
	* as interpreted in the local time zone.
	* The value returned is between <code>0</code> and <code>59</code>.
	*
	* @return the number of minutes past the hour represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getMinutes() {
	return normalize().getMinutes();
	}

	/**
	* Sets the minutes of this <tt>Date</tt> object to the specified value.
	* This <tt>Date</tt> object is modified so that it represents a point
	* in time within the specified minute of the hour, with the year, month,
	* date, hour, and second the same as before, as interpreted in the
	* local time zone.
	*
	* @param minutes the value of the minutes.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, int minutes)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setMinutes(int minutes) {
	getCalendarDate().setMinutes(minutes);
	}

	/**
	* Returns the number of seconds past the minute represented by this date.
	* The value returned is between <code>0</code> and <code>61</code>. The
	* values <code>60</code> and <code>61</code> can only occur on those
	* Java Virtual Machines that take leap seconds into account.
	*
	* @return the number of seconds past the minute represented by this date.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getSeconds() {
	return normalize().getSeconds();
	}

	/**
	* Sets the seconds of this <tt>Date</tt> to the specified value.
	* This <tt>Date</tt> object is modified so that it represents a
	* point in time within the specified second of the minute, with
	* the year, month, date, hour, and minute the same as before, as
	* interpreted in the local time zone.
	*
	* @param seconds the seconds value.
	* @see java.util.Calendar
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>Calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, int seconds)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void setSeconds(int seconds) {
	getCalendarDate().setSeconds(seconds);
	}

	/**
	* Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT
	* represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object.
	*
	* @return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT
	* represented by this date.
	*/
	public long getTime() {
	return getTimeImpl();
	}

	private final long getTimeImpl() {
	if (cdate != null && !cdate.isNormalized()) {
	normalize();
	}
	return fastTime;
	}

	/**
	* Sets this <code>Date</code> object to represent a point in time that is
	* <code>time</code> milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT.
	*
	* @param time the number of milliseconds.
	*/
	public void setTime(long time) {
	fastTime = time;
	cdate = null;
	}

	/**
	* Tests if this date is before the specified date.
	*
	* @param when a date.
	* @return <code>true</code> if and only if the instant of time
	* represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly
	* earlier than the instant represented by <tt>when</tt>;
	* <code>false</code> otherwise.
	* @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null.
	*/
	public boolean before(Date when) {
	return getMillisOf(this) < getMillisOf(when);
	}

	/**
	* Tests if this date is after the specified date.
	*
	* @param when a date.
	* @return <code>true</code> if and only if the instant represented
	* by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly later than the
	* instant represented by <tt>when</tt>;
	* <code>false</code> otherwise.
	* @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null.
	*/
	public boolean after(Date when) {
	return getMillisOf(this) > getMillisOf(when);
	}

	/**
	* Compares two dates for equality.
	* The result is <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is
	* not <code>null</code> and is a <code>Date</code> object that
	* represents the same point in time, to the millisecond, as this object.
	* <p>
	* Thus, two <code>Date</code> objects are equal if and only if the
	* <code>getTime</code> method returns the same <code>long</code>
	* value for both.
	*
	* @param obj the object to compare with.
	* @return <code>true</code> if the objects are the same;
	* <code>false</code> otherwise.
	* @see java.util.Date#getTime()
	*/
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	return obj instanceof Date && getTime() == ((Date) obj).getTime();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the millisecond value of this <code>Date</code> object
	* without affecting its internal state.
	*/
	static final long getMillisOf(Date date) {
	if (date.cdate == null \|\| date.cdate.isNormalized()) {
	return date.fastTime;
	}
	BaseCalendar.Date d = (BaseCalendar.Date) date.cdate.clone();
	return gcal.getTime(d);
	}

	/**
	* Compares two Dates for ordering.
	*
	* @param anotherDate the <code>Date</code> to be compared.
	* @return the value <code>0</code> if the argument Date is equal to
	* this Date; a value less than <code>0</code> if this Date
	* is before the Date argument; and a value greater than
	* <code>0</code> if this Date is after the Date argument.
	* @since 1.2
	* @exception NullPointerException if <code>anotherDate</code> is null.
	*/
	public int compareTo(Date anotherDate) {
	long thisTime = getMillisOf(this);
	long anotherTime = getMillisOf(anotherDate);
	return (thisTime<anotherTime ? -1 : (thisTime==anotherTime ? 0 : 1));
	}

	/**
	* Returns a hash code value for this object. The result is the
	* exclusive OR of the two halves of the primitive <tt>long</tt>
	* value returned by the {@link Date#getTime}
	* method. That is, the hash code is the value of the expression:
	* <blockquote><pre>{@code
	* (int)(this.getTime()^(this.getTime() >>> 32))
	* }</pre></blockquote>
	*
	* @return a hash code value for this object.
	*/
	public int hashCode() {
	long ht = this.getTime();
	return (int) ht ^ (int) (ht >> 32);
	}

	/**
	* Converts this <code>Date</code> object to a <code>String</code>
	* of the form:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* dow mon dd hh:mm:ss zzz yyyy</pre></blockquote>
	* where:<ul>
	* <li><tt>dow</tt> is the day of the week (<tt>Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed,
	* Thu, Fri, Sat</tt>).
	* <li><tt>mon</tt> is the month (<tt>Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun,
	* Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec</tt>).
	* <li><tt>dd</tt> is the day of the month (<tt>01</tt> through
	* <tt>31</tt>), as two decimal digits.
	* <li><tt>hh</tt> is the hour of the day (<tt>00</tt> through
	* <tt>23</tt>), as two decimal digits.
	* <li><tt>mm</tt> is the minute within the hour (<tt>00</tt> through
	* <tt>59</tt>), as two decimal digits.
	* <li><tt>ss</tt> is the second within the minute (<tt>00</tt> through
	* <tt>61</tt>, as two decimal digits.
	* <li><tt>zzz</tt> is the time zone (and may reflect daylight saving
	* time). Standard time zone abbreviations include those
	* recognized by the method <tt>parse</tt>. If time zone
	* information is not available, then <tt>zzz</tt> is empty -
	* that is, it consists of no characters at all.
	* <li><tt>yyyy</tt> is the year, as four decimal digits.
	* </ul>
	*
	* @return a string representation of this date.
	* @see java.util.Date#toLocaleString()
	* @see java.util.Date#toGMTString()
	*/
	public String toString() {
	// "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy";
	BaseCalendar.Date date = normalize();
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(28);
	int index = date.getDayOfWeek();
	if (index == BaseCalendar.SUNDAY) {
	index = 8;
	}
	convertToAbbr(sb, wtb[index]).append(' '); // EEE
	convertToAbbr(sb, wtb[date.getMonth() - 1 + 2 + 7]).append(' '); // MMM
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getDayOfMonth(), 2).append(' '); // dd

	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getHours(), 2).append(':'); // HH
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getMinutes(), 2).append(':'); // mm
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getSeconds(), 2).append(' '); // ss
	TimeZone zi = date.getZone();
	if (zi != null) {
	sb.append(zi.getDisplayName(date.isDaylightTime(), TimeZone.SHORT, Locale.US)); // zzz
	} else {
	sb.append("GMT");
	}
	sb.append(' ').append(date.getYear()); // yyyy
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Converts the given name to its 3-letter abbreviation (e.g.,
	* "monday" -> "Mon") and stored the abbreviation in the given
	* <code>StringBuilder</code>.
	*/
	private static final StringBuilder convertToAbbr(StringBuilder sb, String name) {
	sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(name.charAt(0)));
	sb.append(name.charAt(1)).append(name.charAt(2));
	return sb;
	}

	/**
	* Creates a string representation of this <tt>Date</tt> object in an
	* implementation-dependent form. The intent is that the form should
	* be familiar to the user of the Java application, wherever it may
	* happen to be running. The intent is comparable to that of the
	* "<code>%c</code>" format supported by the <code>strftime()</code>
	* function of ISO C.
	*
	* @return a string representation of this date, using the locale
	* conventions.
	* @see java.text.DateFormat
	* @see java.util.Date#toString()
	* @see java.util.Date#toGMTString()
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>DateFormat.format(Date date)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public String toLocaleString() {
	DateFormat formatter = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance();
	return formatter.format(this);
	}

	/**
	* Creates a string representation of this <tt>Date</tt> object of
	* the form:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* d mon yyyy hh:mm:ss GMT</pre></blockquote>
	* where:<ul>
	* <li><i>d</i> is the day of the month (<tt>1</tt> through <tt>31</tt>),
	* as one or two decimal digits.
	* <li><i>mon</i> is the month (<tt>Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul,
	* Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec</tt>).
	* <li><i>yyyy</i> is the year, as four decimal digits.
	* <li><i>hh</i> is the hour of the day (<tt>00</tt> through <tt>23</tt>),
	* as two decimal digits.
	* <li><i>mm</i> is the minute within the hour (<tt>00</tt> through
	* <tt>59</tt>), as two decimal digits.
	* <li><i>ss</i> is the second within the minute (<tt>00</tt> through
	* <tt>61</tt>), as two decimal digits.
	* <li><i>GMT</i> is exactly the ASCII letters "<tt>GMT</tt>" to indicate
	* Greenwich Mean Time.
	* </ul><p>
	* The result does not depend on the local time zone.
	*
	* @return a string representation of this date, using the Internet GMT
	* conventions.
	* @see java.text.DateFormat
	* @see java.util.Date#toString()
	* @see java.util.Date#toLocaleString()
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>DateFormat.format(Date date)</code>, using a
	* GMT <code>TimeZone</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public String toGMTString() {
	// d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'
	long t = getTime();
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(t);
	BaseCalendar.Date date =
	(BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(getTime(), (TimeZone)null);
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32);
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getDayOfMonth(), 1).append(' '); // d
	convertToAbbr(sb, wtb[date.getMonth() - 1 + 2 + 7]).append(' '); // MMM
	sb.append(date.getYear()).append(' '); // yyyy
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getHours(), 2).append(':'); // HH
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getMinutes(), 2).append(':'); // mm
	CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getSeconds(), 2); // ss
	sb.append(" GMT"); // ' GMT'
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the offset, measured in minutes, for the local time zone
	* relative to UTC that is appropriate for the time represented by
	* this <code>Date</code> object.
	* <p>
	* For example, in Massachusetts, five time zones west of Greenwich:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* new Date(96, 1, 14).getTimezoneOffset() returns 300</pre></blockquote>
	* because on February 14, 1996, standard time (Eastern Standard Time)
	* is in use, which is offset five hours from UTC; but:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* new Date(96, 5, 1).getTimezoneOffset() returns 240</pre></blockquote>
	* because on June 1, 1996, daylight saving time (Eastern Daylight Time)
	* is in use, which is offset only four hours from UTC.<p>
	* This method produces the same result as if it computed:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* (this.getTime() - UTC(this.getYear(),
	* this.getMonth(),
	* this.getDate(),
	* this.getHours(),
	* this.getMinutes(),
	* this.getSeconds())) / (60 * 1000)
	* </pre></blockquote>
	*
	* @return the time-zone offset, in minutes, for the current time zone.
	* @see java.util.Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
	* @see java.util.Calendar#DST_OFFSET
	* @see java.util.TimeZone#getDefault
	* @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
	* replaced by <code>-(Calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +
	* Calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / (60 * 1000)</code>.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public int getTimezoneOffset() {
	int zoneOffset;
	if (cdate == null) {
	TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getDefaultRef();
	if (tz instanceof ZoneInfo) {
	zoneOffset = ((ZoneInfo)tz).getOffsets(fastTime, null);
	} else {
	zoneOffset = tz.getOffset(fastTime);
	}
	} else {
	normalize();
	zoneOffset = cdate.getZoneOffset();
	}
	return -zoneOffset/60000; // convert to minutes
	}

	private final BaseCalendar.Date getCalendarDate() {
	if (cdate == null) {
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
	cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime,
	TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
	}
	return cdate;
	}

	private final BaseCalendar.Date normalize() {
	if (cdate == null) {
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
	cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime,
	TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
	return cdate;
	}

	// Normalize cdate with the TimeZone in cdate first. This is
	// required for the compatible behavior.
	if (!cdate.isNormalized()) {
	cdate = normalize(cdate);
	}

	// If the default TimeZone has changed, then recalculate the
	// fields with the new TimeZone.
	TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getDefaultRef();
	if (tz != cdate.getZone()) {
	cdate.setZone(tz);
	CalendarSystem cal = getCalendarSystem(cdate);
	cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime, cdate);
	}
	return cdate;
	}

	// fastTime and the returned data are in sync upon return.
	private final BaseCalendar.Date normalize(BaseCalendar.Date date) {
	int y = date.getNormalizedYear();
	int m = date.getMonth();
	int d = date.getDayOfMonth();
	int hh = date.getHours();
	int mm = date.getMinutes();
	int ss = date.getSeconds();
	int ms = date.getMillis();
	TimeZone tz = date.getZone();

	// If the specified year can't be handled using a long value
	// in milliseconds, GregorianCalendar is used for full
	// compatibility with underflow and overflow. This is required
	// by some JCK tests. The limits are based max year values -
	// years that can be represented by max values of d, hh, mm,
	// ss and ms. Also, let GregorianCalendar handle the default
	// cutover year so that we don't need to worry about the
	// transition here.
	if (y == 1582 \|\| y > 280000000 \|\| y < -280000000) {
	if (tz == null) {
	tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
	}
	GregorianCalendar gc = new GregorianCalendar(tz);
	gc.clear();
	gc.set(GregorianCalendar.MILLISECOND, ms);
	gc.set(y, m-1, d, hh, mm, ss);
	fastTime = gc.getTimeInMillis();
	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
	date = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime, tz);
	return date;
	}

	BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(y);
	if (cal != getCalendarSystem(date)) {
	date = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(tz);
	date.setNormalizedDate(y, m, d).setTimeOfDay(hh, mm, ss, ms);
	}
	// Perform the GregorianCalendar-style normalization.
	fastTime = cal.getTime(date);

	// In case the normalized date requires the other calendar
	// system, we need to recalculate it using the other one.
	BaseCalendar ncal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
	if (ncal != cal) {
	date = (BaseCalendar.Date) ncal.newCalendarDate(tz);
	date.setNormalizedDate(y, m, d).setTimeOfDay(hh, mm, ss, ms);
	fastTime = ncal.getTime(date);
	}
	return date;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the Gregorian or Julian calendar system to use with the
	* given date. Use Gregorian from October 15, 1582.
	*
	* @param year normalized calendar year (not -1900)
	* @return the CalendarSystem to use for the specified date
	*/
	private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(int year) {
	if (year >= 1582) {
	return gcal;
	}
	return getJulianCalendar();
	}

	private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(long utc) {
	// Quickly check if the time stamp given by `utc' is the Epoch
	// or later. If it's before 1970, we convert the cutover to
	// local time to compare.
	if (utc >= 0
	\|\| utc >= GregorianCalendar.DEFAULT_GREGORIAN_CUTOVER
	- TimeZone.getDefaultRef().getOffset(utc)) {
	return gcal;
	}
	return getJulianCalendar();
	}

	private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(BaseCalendar.Date cdate) {
	if (jcal == null) {
	return gcal;
	}
	if (cdate.getEra() != null) {
	return jcal;
	}
	return gcal;
	}

	synchronized private static final BaseCalendar getJulianCalendar() {
	if (jcal == null) {
	jcal = (BaseCalendar) CalendarSystem.forName("julian");
	}
	return jcal;
	}

	/**
	* Save the state of this object to a stream (i.e., serialize it).
	*
	* @serialData The value returned by <code>getTime()</code>
	* is emitted (long). This represents the offset from
	* January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT in milliseconds.
	*/
	private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)
	throws IOException
	{
	s.writeLong(getTimeImpl());
	}

	/**
	* Reconstitute this object from a stream (i.e., deserialize it).
	*/
	private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
	throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
	{
	fastTime = s.readLong();
	}

	/**
	* Obtains an instance of {@code Date} from an {@code Instant} object.
	* <p>
	* {@code Instant} uses a precision of nanoseconds, whereas {@code Date}
	* uses a precision of milliseconds. The conversion will trancate any
	* excess precision information as though the amount in nanoseconds was
	* subject to integer division by one million.
	* <p>
	* {@code Instant} can store points on the time-line further in the future
	* and further in the past than {@code Date}. In this scenario, this method
	* will throw an exception.
	*
	* @param instant the instant to convert
	* @return a {@code Date} representing the same point on the time-line as
	* the provided instant
	* @exception NullPointerException if {@code instant} is null.
	* @exception IllegalArgumentException if the instant is too large to
	* represent as a {@code Date}
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public static Date from(Instant instant) {
	try {
	return new Date(instant.toEpochMilli());
	} catch (ArithmeticException ex) {
	throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Converts this {@code Date} object to an {@code Instant}.
	* <p>
	* The conversion creates an {@code Instant} that represents the same
	* point on the time-line as this {@code Date}.
	*
	* @return an instant representing the same point on the time-line as
	* this {@code Date} object
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public Instant toInstant() {
	return Instant.ofEpochMilli(getTime());
	}
	}

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