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	/*
	* Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/

	/*
	* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
	* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
	* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
	* file:
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
	*
	* All rights reserved.
	*
	* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
	*
	* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	*
	* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
	* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
	* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	*
	* * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
	* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
	* without specific prior written permission.
	*
	* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
	* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
	* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
	* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
	* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
	* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
	* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
	* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	*/
	package java.time.chrono;

	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
	import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.WEEKS;
	import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.nextOrSame;

	import java.io.DataInput;
	import java.io.DataOutput;
	import java.io.IOException;
	import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
	import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
	import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
	import java.io.Serializable;
	import java.time.DateTimeException;
	import java.time.DayOfWeek;
	import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;
	import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
	import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
	import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
	import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
	import java.util.Comparator;
	import java.util.HashSet;
	import java.util.List;
	import java.util.Locale;
	import java.util.Map;
	import java.util.Objects;
	import java.util.ServiceLoader;
	import java.util.Set;
	import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

	import sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger;

	/**
	* An abstract implementation of a calendar system, used to organize and identify dates.
	* <p>
	* The main date and time API is built on the ISO calendar system.
	* The chronology operates behind the scenes to represent the general concept of a calendar system.
	* <p>
	* See {@link Chronology} for more details.
	*
	* @implSpec
	* This class is separated from the {@code Chronology} interface so that the static methods
	* are not inherited. While {@code Chronology} can be implemented directly, it is strongly
	* recommended to extend this abstract class instead.
	* <p>
	* This class must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly.
	* All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe.
	* Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public abstract class AbstractChronology implements Chronology {

	/**
	* Map of available calendars by ID.
	*/
	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chronology> CHRONOS_BY_ID = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
	/**
	* Map of available calendars by calendar type.
	*/
	private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Chronology> CHRONOS_BY_TYPE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

	/**
	* Register a Chronology by its ID and type for lookup by {@link #of(String)}.
	* Chronologies must not be registered until they are completely constructed.
	* Specifically, not in the constructor of Chronology.
	*
	* @param chrono the chronology to register; not null
	* @return the already registered Chronology if any, may be null
	*/
	static Chronology registerChrono(Chronology chrono) {
	return registerChrono(chrono, chrono.getId());
	}

	/**
	* Register a Chronology by ID and type for lookup by {@link #of(String)}.
	* Chronos must not be registered until they are completely constructed.
	* Specifically, not in the constructor of Chronology.
	*
	* @param chrono the chronology to register; not null
	* @param id the ID to register the chronology; not null
	* @return the already registered Chronology if any, may be null
	*/
	static Chronology registerChrono(Chronology chrono, String id) {
	Chronology prev = CHRONOS_BY_ID.putIfAbsent(id, chrono);
	if (prev == null) {
	String type = chrono.getCalendarType();
	if (type != null) {
	CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.putIfAbsent(type, chrono);
	}
	}
	return prev;
	}

	/**
	* Initialization of the maps from id and type to Chronology.
	* The ServiceLoader is used to find and register any implementations
	* of {@link java.time.chrono.AbstractChronology} found in the bootclass loader.
	* The built-in chronologies are registered explicitly.
	* Calendars configured via the Thread's context classloader are local
	* to that thread and are ignored.
	* <p>
	* The initialization is done only once using the registration
	* of the IsoChronology as the test and the final step.
	* Multiple threads may perform the initialization concurrently.
	* Only the first registration of each Chronology is retained by the
	* ConcurrentHashMap.
	* @return true if the cache was initialized
	*/
	private static boolean initCache() {
	if (CHRONOS_BY_ID.get("ISO") == null) {
	// Initialization is incomplete

	// Register built-in Chronologies
	registerChrono(HijrahChronology.INSTANCE);
	registerChrono(JapaneseChronology.INSTANCE);
	registerChrono(MinguoChronology.INSTANCE);
	registerChrono(ThaiBuddhistChronology.INSTANCE);

	// Register Chronologies from the ServiceLoader
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	ServiceLoader<AbstractChronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(AbstractChronology.class, null);
	for (AbstractChronology chrono : loader) {
	String id = chrono.getId();
	if (id.equals("ISO") \|\| registerChrono(chrono) != null) {
	// Log the attempt to replace an existing Chronology
	PlatformLogger logger = PlatformLogger.getLogger("java.time.chrono");
	logger.warning("Ignoring duplicate Chronology, from ServiceLoader configuration " + id);
	}
	}

	// finally, register IsoChronology to mark initialization is complete
	registerChrono(IsoChronology.INSTANCE);
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a locale.
	* <p>
	* See {@link Chronology#ofLocale(Locale)}.
	*
	* @param locale the locale to use to obtain the calendar system, not null
	* @return the calendar system associated with the locale, not null
	* @throws java.time.DateTimeException if the locale-specified calendar cannot be found
	*/
	static Chronology ofLocale(Locale locale) {
	Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
	String type = locale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
	if (type == null \|\| "iso".equals(type) \|\| "iso8601".equals(type)) {
	return IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
	}
	// Not pre-defined; lookup by the type
	do {
	Chronology chrono = CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.get(type);
	if (chrono != null) {
	return chrono;
	}
	// If not found, do the initialization (once) and repeat the lookup
	} while (initCache());

	// Look for a Chronology using ServiceLoader of the Thread's ContextClassLoader
	// Application provided Chronologies must not be cached
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class);
	for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
	if (type.equals(chrono.getCalendarType())) {
	return chrono;
	}
	}
	throw new DateTimeException("Unknown calendar system: " + type);
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a chronology ID or
	* calendar system type.
	* <p>
	* See {@link Chronology#of(String)}.
	*
	* @param id the chronology ID or calendar system type, not null
	* @return the chronology with the identifier requested, not null
	* @throws java.time.DateTimeException if the chronology cannot be found
	*/
	static Chronology of(String id) {
	Objects.requireNonNull(id, "id");
	do {
	Chronology chrono = of0(id);
	if (chrono != null) {
	return chrono;
	}
	// If not found, do the initialization (once) and repeat the lookup
	} while (initCache());

	// Look for a Chronology using ServiceLoader of the Thread's ContextClassLoader
	// Application provided Chronologies must not be cached
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class);
	for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
	if (id.equals(chrono.getId()) \|\| id.equals(chrono.getCalendarType())) {
	return chrono;
	}
	}
	throw new DateTimeException("Unknown chronology: " + id);
	}

	/**
	* Obtains an instance of {@code Chronology} from a chronology ID or
	* calendar system type.
	*
	* @param id the chronology ID or calendar system type, not null
	* @return the chronology with the identifier requested, or {@code null} if not found
	*/
	private static Chronology of0(String id) {
	Chronology chrono = CHRONOS_BY_ID.get(id);
	if (chrono == null) {
	chrono = CHRONOS_BY_TYPE.get(id);
	}
	return chrono;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the available chronologies.
	* <p>
	* Each returned {@code Chronology} is available for use in the system.
	* The set of chronologies includes the system chronologies and
	* any chronologies provided by the application via ServiceLoader
	* configuration.
	*
	* @return the independent, modifiable set of the available chronology IDs, not null
	*/
	static Set<Chronology> getAvailableChronologies() {
	initCache(); // force initialization
	HashSet<Chronology> chronos = new HashSet<>(CHRONOS_BY_ID.values());

	/// Add in Chronologies from the ServiceLoader configuration
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	ServiceLoader<Chronology> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Chronology.class);
	for (Chronology chrono : loader) {
	chronos.add(chrono);
	}
	return chronos;
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Creates an instance.
	*/
	protected AbstractChronology() {
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Resolves parsed {@code ChronoField} values into a date during parsing.
	* <p>
	* Most {@code TemporalField} implementations are resolved using the
	* resolve method on the field. By contrast, the {@code ChronoField} class
	* defines fields that only have meaning relative to the chronology.
	* As such, {@code ChronoField} date fields are resolved here in the
	* context of a specific chronology.
	* <p>
	* {@code ChronoField} instances are resolved by this method, which may
	* be overridden in subclasses.
	* <ul>
	* <li>{@code EPOCH_DAY} - If present, this is converted to a date and
	* all other date fields are then cross-checked against the date.
	* <li>{@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH} - If present, then it is split into the
	* {@code YEAR} and {@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}. If the mode is strict or smart
	* then the field is validated.
	* <li>{@code YEAR_OF_ERA} and {@code ERA} - If both are present, then they
	* are combined to form a {@code YEAR}. In lenient mode, the {@code YEAR_OF_ERA}
	* range is not validated, in smart and strict mode it is. The {@code ERA} is
	* validated for range in all three modes. If only the {@code YEAR_OF_ERA} is
	* present, and the mode is smart or lenient, then the last available era
	* is assumed. In strict mode, no era is assumed and the {@code YEAR_OF_ERA} is
	* left untouched. If only the {@code ERA} is present, then it is left untouched.
	* <li>{@code YEAR}, {@code MONTH_OF_YEAR} and {@code DAY_OF_MONTH} -
	* If all three are present, then they are combined to form a date.
	* In all three modes, the {@code YEAR} is validated.
	* If the mode is smart or strict, then the month and day are validated.
	* If the mode is lenient, then the date is combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the first month in the requested year,
	* then adding the difference in months, then the difference in days.
	* If the mode is smart, and the day-of-month is greater than the maximum for
	* the year-month, then the day-of-month is adjusted to the last day-of-month.
	* If the mode is strict, then the three fields must form a valid date.
	* <li>{@code YEAR} and {@code DAY_OF_YEAR} -
	* If both are present, then they are combined to form a date.
	* In all three modes, the {@code YEAR} is validated.
	* If the mode is lenient, then the date is combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the requested year, then adding
	* the difference in days.
	* If the mode is smart or strict, then the two fields must form a valid date.
	* <li>{@code YEAR}, {@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}, {@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH} and
	* {@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH} -
	* If all four are present, then they are combined to form a date.
	* In all three modes, the {@code YEAR} is validated.
	* If the mode is lenient, then the date is combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the first month in the requested year, then adding
	* the difference in months, then the difference in weeks, then in days.
	* If the mode is smart or strict, then the all four fields are validated to
	* their outer ranges. The date is then combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the requested year and month, then adding
	* the amount in weeks and days to reach their values. If the mode is strict,
	* the date is additionally validated to check that the day and week adjustment
	* did not change the month.
	* <li>{@code YEAR}, {@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}, {@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH} and
	* {@code DAY_OF_WEEK} - If all four are present, then they are combined to
	* form a date. The approach is the same as described above for
	* years, months and weeks in {@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH}.
	* The day-of-week is adjusted as the next or same matching day-of-week once
	* the years, months and weeks have been handled.
	* <li>{@code YEAR}, {@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR} and {@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR} -
	* If all three are present, then they are combined to form a date.
	* In all three modes, the {@code YEAR} is validated.
	* If the mode is lenient, then the date is combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the requested year, then adding
	* the difference in weeks, then in days.
	* If the mode is smart or strict, then the all three fields are validated to
	* their outer ranges. The date is then combined in a manner equivalent to
	* creating a date on the first day of the requested year, then adding
	* the amount in weeks and days to reach their values. If the mode is strict,
	* the date is additionally validated to check that the day and week adjustment
	* did not change the year.
	* <li>{@code YEAR}, {@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR} and {@code DAY_OF_WEEK} -
	* If all three are present, then they are combined to form a date.
	* The approach is the same as described above for years and weeks in
	* {@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR}. The day-of-week is adjusted as the
	* next or same matching day-of-week once the years and weeks have been handled.
	* </ul>
	* <p>
	* The default implementation is suitable for most calendar systems.
	* If {@link java.time.temporal.ChronoField#YEAR_OF_ERA} is found without an {@link java.time.temporal.ChronoField#ERA}
	* then the last era in {@link #eras()} is used.
	* The implementation assumes a 7 day week, that the first day-of-month
	* has the value 1, that first day-of-year has the value 1, and that the
	* first of the month and year always exists.
	*
	* @param fieldValues the map of fields to values, which can be updated, not null
	* @param resolverStyle the requested type of resolve, not null
	* @return the resolved date, null if insufficient information to create a date
	* @throws java.time.DateTimeException if the date cannot be resolved, typically
	* because of a conflict in the input data
	*/
	@Override
	public ChronoLocalDate resolveDate(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	// check epoch-day before inventing era
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(EPOCH_DAY)) {
	return dateEpochDay(fieldValues.remove(EPOCH_DAY));
	}

	// fix proleptic month before inventing era
	resolveProlepticMonth(fieldValues, resolverStyle);

	// invent era if necessary to resolve year-of-era
	ChronoLocalDate resolved = resolveYearOfEra(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	if (resolved != null) {
	return resolved;
	}

	// build date
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(YEAR)) {
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(MONTH_OF_YEAR)) {
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(DAY_OF_MONTH)) {
	return resolveYMD(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH)) {
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH)) {
	return resolveYMAA(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(DAY_OF_WEEK)) {
	return resolveYMAD(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	}
	}
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(DAY_OF_YEAR)) {
	return resolveYD(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR)) {
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR)) {
	return resolveYAA(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(DAY_OF_WEEK)) {
	return resolveYAD(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
	}
	}
	}
	return null;
	}

	void resolveProlepticMonth(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	Long pMonth = fieldValues.remove(PROLEPTIC_MONTH);
	if (pMonth != null) {
	if (resolverStyle != ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	PROLEPTIC_MONTH.checkValidValue(pMonth);
	}
	// first day-of-month is likely to be safest for setting proleptic-month
	// cannot add to year zero, as not all chronologies have a year zero
	ChronoLocalDate chronoDate = dateNow()
	.with(DAY_OF_MONTH, 1).with(PROLEPTIC_MONTH, pMonth);
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, MONTH_OF_YEAR, chronoDate.get(MONTH_OF_YEAR));
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, YEAR, chronoDate.get(YEAR));
	}
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYearOfEra(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	Long yoeLong = fieldValues.remove(YEAR_OF_ERA);
	if (yoeLong != null) {
	Long eraLong = fieldValues.remove(ERA);
	int yoe;
	if (resolverStyle != ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	yoe = range(YEAR_OF_ERA).checkValidIntValue(yoeLong, YEAR_OF_ERA);
	} else {
	yoe = Math.toIntExact(yoeLong);
	}
	if (eraLong != null) {
	Era eraObj = eraOf(range(ERA).checkValidIntValue(eraLong, ERA));
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, YEAR, prolepticYear(eraObj, yoe));
	} else {
	if (fieldValues.containsKey(YEAR)) {
	int year = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.get(YEAR), YEAR);
	ChronoLocalDate chronoDate = dateYearDay(year, 1);
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, YEAR, prolepticYear(chronoDate.getEra(), yoe));
	} else if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.STRICT) {
	// do not invent era if strict
	// reinstate the field removed earlier, no cross-check issues
	fieldValues.put(YEAR_OF_ERA, yoeLong);
	} else {
	List<Era> eras = eras();
	if (eras.isEmpty()) {
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, YEAR, yoe);
	} else {
	Era eraObj = eras.get(eras.size() - 1);
	addFieldValue(fieldValues, YEAR, prolepticYear(eraObj, yoe));
	}
	}
	}
	} else if (fieldValues.containsKey(ERA)) {
	range(ERA).checkValidValue(fieldValues.get(ERA), ERA); // always validated
	}
	return null;
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYMD(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long months = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), 1);
	long days = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_MONTH), 1);
	return date(y, 1, 1).plus(months, MONTHS).plus(days, DAYS);
	}
	int moy = range(MONTH_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), MONTH_OF_YEAR);
	ValueRange domRange = range(DAY_OF_MONTH);
	int dom = domRange.checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_MONTH), DAY_OF_MONTH);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.SMART) { // previous valid
	try {
	return date(y, moy, dom);
	} catch (DateTimeException ex) {
	return date(y, moy, 1).with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfMonth());
	}
	}
	return date(y, moy, dom);
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYD(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long days = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_YEAR), 1);
	return dateYearDay(y, 1).plus(days, DAYS);
	}
	int doy = range(DAY_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_YEAR), DAY_OF_YEAR);
	return dateYearDay(y, doy); // smart is same as strict
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYMAA(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long months = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), 1);
	long weeks = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH), 1);
	long days = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH), 1);
	return date(y, 1, 1).plus(months, MONTHS).plus(weeks, WEEKS).plus(days, DAYS);
	}
	int moy = range(MONTH_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), MONTH_OF_YEAR);
	int aw = range(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH), ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH);
	int ad = range(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH), ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);
	ChronoLocalDate date = date(y, moy, 1).plus((aw - 1) * 7 + (ad - 1), DAYS);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.STRICT && date.get(MONTH_OF_YEAR) != moy) {
	throw new DateTimeException("Strict mode rejected resolved date as it is in a different month");
	}
	return date;
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYMAD(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long months = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), 1);
	long weeks = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH), 1);
	long dow = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_WEEK), 1);
	return resolveAligned(date(y, 1, 1), months, weeks, dow);
	}
	int moy = range(MONTH_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(MONTH_OF_YEAR), MONTH_OF_YEAR);
	int aw = range(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH), ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH);
	int dow = range(DAY_OF_WEEK).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_WEEK), DAY_OF_WEEK);
	ChronoLocalDate date = date(y, moy, 1).plus((aw - 1) * 7, DAYS).with(nextOrSame(DayOfWeek.of(dow)));
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.STRICT && date.get(MONTH_OF_YEAR) != moy) {
	throw new DateTimeException("Strict mode rejected resolved date as it is in a different month");
	}
	return date;
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYAA(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long weeks = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR), 1);
	long days = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR), 1);
	return dateYearDay(y, 1).plus(weeks, WEEKS).plus(days, DAYS);
	}
	int aw = range(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR), ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR);
	int ad = range(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR), ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR);
	ChronoLocalDate date = dateYearDay(y, 1).plus((aw - 1) * 7 + (ad - 1), DAYS);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.STRICT && date.get(YEAR) != y) {
	throw new DateTimeException("Strict mode rejected resolved date as it is in a different year");
	}
	return date;
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveYAD(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
	int y = range(YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(YEAR), YEAR);
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.LENIENT) {
	long weeks = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR), 1);
	long dow = Math.subtractExact(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_WEEK), 1);
	return resolveAligned(dateYearDay(y, 1), 0, weeks, dow);
	}
	int aw = range(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR), ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR);
	int dow = range(DAY_OF_WEEK).checkValidIntValue(fieldValues.remove(DAY_OF_WEEK), DAY_OF_WEEK);
	ChronoLocalDate date = dateYearDay(y, 1).plus((aw - 1) * 7, DAYS).with(nextOrSame(DayOfWeek.of(dow)));
	if (resolverStyle == ResolverStyle.STRICT && date.get(YEAR) != y) {
	throw new DateTimeException("Strict mode rejected resolved date as it is in a different year");
	}
	return date;
	}

	ChronoLocalDate resolveAligned(ChronoLocalDate base, long months, long weeks, long dow) {
	ChronoLocalDate date = base.plus(months, MONTHS).plus(weeks, WEEKS);
	if (dow > 7) {
	date = date.plus((dow - 1) / 7, WEEKS);
	dow = ((dow - 1) % 7) + 1;
	} else if (dow < 1) {
	date = date.plus(Math.subtractExact(dow, 7) / 7, WEEKS);
	dow = ((dow + 6) % 7) + 1;
	}
	return date.with(nextOrSame(DayOfWeek.of((int) dow)));
	}

	/**
	* Adds a field-value pair to the map, checking for conflicts.
	* <p>
	* If the field is not already present, then the field-value pair is added to the map.
	* If the field is already present and it has the same value as that specified, no action occurs.
	* If the field is already present and it has a different value to that specified, then
	* an exception is thrown.
	*
	* @param field the field to add, not null
	* @param value the value to add, not null
	* @throws java.time.DateTimeException if the field is already present with a different value
	*/
	void addFieldValue(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ChronoField field, long value) {
	Long old = fieldValues.get(field); // check first for better error message
	if (old != null && old.longValue() != value) {
	throw new DateTimeException("Conflict found: " + field + " " + old + " differs from " + field + " " + value);
	}
	fieldValues.put(field, value);
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Compares this chronology to another chronology.
	* <p>
	* The comparison order first by the chronology ID string, then by any
	* additional information specific to the subclass.
	* It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
	*
	* @implSpec
	* This implementation compares the chronology ID.
	* Subclasses must compare any additional state that they store.
	*
	* @param other the other chronology to compare to, not null
	* @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
	*/
	@Override
	public int compareTo(Chronology other) {
	return getId().compareTo(other.getId());
	}

	/**
	* Checks if this chronology is equal to another chronology.
	* <p>
	* The comparison is based on the entire state of the object.
	*
	* @implSpec
	* This implementation checks the type and calls
	* {@link #compareTo(java.time.chrono.Chronology)}.
	*
	* @param obj the object to check, null returns false
	* @return true if this is equal to the other chronology
	*/
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	if (this == obj) {
	return true;
	}
	if (obj instanceof AbstractChronology) {
	return compareTo((AbstractChronology) obj) == 0;
	}
	return false;
	}

	/**
	* A hash code for this chronology.
	* <p>
	* The hash code should be based on the entire state of the object.
	*
	* @implSpec
	* This implementation is based on the chronology ID and class.
	* Subclasses should add any additional state that they store.
	*
	* @return a suitable hash code
	*/
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
	return getClass().hashCode() ^ getId().hashCode();
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Outputs this chronology as a {@code String}, using the chronology ID.
	*
	* @return a string representation of this chronology, not null
	*/
	@Override
	public String toString() {
	return getId();
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
	/**
	* Writes the Chronology using a
	* <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.chrono.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
	* <pre>
	* out.writeByte(1); // identifies this as a Chronology
	* out.writeUTF(getId());
	* </pre>
	*
	* @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
	*/
	Object writeReplace() {
	return new Ser(Ser.CHRONO_TYPE, this);
	}

	/**
	* Defend against malicious streams.
	*
	* @param s the stream to read
	* @throws java.io.InvalidObjectException always
	*/
	private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws ObjectStreamException {
	throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
	}

	void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
	out.writeUTF(getId());
	}

	static Chronology readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
	String id = in.readUTF();
	return Chronology.of(id);
	}

	}

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