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	/*
	* reserved comment block
	* DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER!
	*/
	/**
	* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
	* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
	* distributed with this work for additional information
	* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
	* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
	* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
	* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
	* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
	* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
	* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
	* specific language governing permissions and limitations
	* under the License.
	*/
	package com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.c14n.implementations;

	import java.io.IOException;
	import java.io.OutputStream;
	import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
	import java.util.ArrayList;
	import java.util.HashMap;
	import java.util.Iterator;
	import java.util.List;
	import java.util.ListIterator;
	import java.util.Map;
	import java.util.Set;

	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.c14n.CanonicalizationException;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.c14n.CanonicalizerSpi;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.c14n.helper.AttrCompare;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.parser.XMLParserException;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.signature.NodeFilter;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.signature.XMLSignatureInput;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.utils.Constants;
	import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.utils.XMLUtils;
	import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
	import org.w3c.dom.Comment;
	import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
	import org.w3c.dom.Document;
	import org.w3c.dom.Element;
	import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
	import org.w3c.dom.Node;
	import org.w3c.dom.ProcessingInstruction;

	/**
	* Abstract base class for canonicalization algorithms.
	* Please note that these implementations are NOT thread safe - please see the following JIRA for more information:
	* https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SANTUARIO-463
	*/
	public abstract class CanonicalizerBase extends CanonicalizerSpi {
	public static final String XML = "xml";
	public static final String XMLNS = "xmlns";
	public static final String XMLNS_URI = Constants.NamespaceSpecNS;
	public static final String XML_LANG_URI = Constants.XML_LANG_SPACE_SpecNS;

	protected static final AttrCompare COMPARE = new AttrCompare(); // thread-safe
	protected static final int NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = -1;
	protected static final int NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = 0;
	protected static final int NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = 1;

	// Make sure you clone the following mutable arrays before passing to
	// potentially untrusted objects such as OutputStreams.
	private static final byte[] END_PI = {'?','>'};
	private static final byte[] BEGIN_PI = {'<','?'};
	private static final byte[] END_COMM = {'-','-','>'};
	private static final byte[] BEGIN_COMM = {'<','!','-','-'};
	private static final byte[] XA = {'&','#','x','A',';'};
	private static final byte[] X9 = {'&','#','x','9',';'};
	private static final byte[] QUOT = {'&','q','u','o','t',';'};
	private static final byte[] XD = {'&','#','x','D',';'};
	private static final byte[] GT = {'&','g','t',';'};
	private static final byte[] LT = {'&','l','t',';'};
	private static final byte[] END_TAG = {'<','/'};
	private static final byte[] AMP = {'&','a','m','p',';'};
	private static final byte[] EQUALS_STR = {'=','\"'};

	private boolean includeComments;
	private List<NodeFilter> nodeFilter;

	private Set<Node> xpathNodeSet;

	/**
	* The null xmlns definition.
	*/
	private Attr nullNode;

	/**
	* Constructor CanonicalizerBase
	*
	* @param includeComments
	*/
	protected CanonicalizerBase(boolean includeComments) {
	this.includeComments = includeComments;
	}

	/**
	* Method engineCanonicalizeSubTree
	* {@inheritDoc}
	* @param rootNode
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	*/
	public void engineCanonicalizeSubTree(Node rootNode, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException {
	engineCanonicalizeSubTree(rootNode, (Node)null, writer);
	}

	/**
	* Method engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet
	* {@inheritDoc}
	* @param xpathNodeSet
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	*/
	public void engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet(Set<Node> xpathNodeSet, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException {
	this.xpathNodeSet = xpathNodeSet;
	engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(XMLUtils.getOwnerDocument(this.xpathNodeSet), writer);
	}

	/**
	* Canonicalizes a Subtree node.
	* @param input the root of the subtree to canicalize
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @param secureValidation Whether secure validation is enabled
	*
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	*/
	public void engineCanonicalize(XMLSignatureInput input, OutputStream writer, boolean secureValidation) throws CanonicalizationException {
	try {
	if (input.isExcludeComments()) {
	includeComments = false;
	}
	if (input.isOctetStream()) {
	engineCanonicalize(input.getBytes(), writer, secureValidation);
	} else if (input.isElement()) {
	engineCanonicalizeSubTree(input.getSubNode(), input.getExcludeNode(), writer);
	} else if (input.isNodeSet()) {
	nodeFilter = input.getNodeFilters();

	circumventBugIfNeeded(input);

	if (input.getSubNode() != null) {
	engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(input.getSubNode(), writer);
	} else {
	engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet(input.getNodeSet(), writer);
	}
	}
	} catch (XMLParserException \| IOException ex) {
	throw new CanonicalizationException(ex);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Canonicalizes a Subtree node.
	*
	* @param rootNode
	* the root of the subtree to canonicalize
	* @param excludeNode
	* a node to be excluded from the canonicalize operation
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	*/
	protected void engineCanonicalizeSubTree(Node rootNode, Node excludeNode, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException {
	try {
	NameSpaceSymbTable ns = new NameSpaceSymbTable();
	int nodeLevel = NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	if (rootNode != null && Node.ELEMENT_NODE == rootNode.getNodeType()) {
	//Fills the nssymbtable with the definitions of the parent of the root subnode
	getParentNameSpaces((Element)rootNode, ns);
	nodeLevel = NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	}
	this.canonicalizeSubTree(rootNode, ns, rootNode, nodeLevel, excludeNode, writer);
	writer.flush();
	} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
	throw new CanonicalizationException(ex);
	} catch (IOException ex) {
	throw new CanonicalizationException(ex);
	}
	}


	/**
	* Method canonicalizeSubTree, this function is a recursive one.
	*
	* @param currentNode
	* @param ns
	* @param endnode
	* @param documentLevel
	* @param excludeNode
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	private void canonicalizeSubTree(
	Node currentNode, NameSpaceSymbTable ns, Node endnode, int documentLevel,
	Node excludeNode, OutputStream writer
	) throws CanonicalizationException, IOException {
	if (currentNode == null \|\| isVisibleInt(currentNode) == -1) {
	return;
	}
	Node sibling = null;
	Node parentNode = null;
	Map<String, byte[]> cache = new HashMap<>();
	do {
	switch (currentNode.getNodeType()) {

	case Node.ENTITY_NODE :
	case Node.NOTATION_NODE :
	case Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE :
	// illegal node type during traversal
	throw new CanonicalizationException("empty",
	new Object[]{"illegal node type during traversal"});

	case Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE :
	case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE :
	ns.outputNodePush();
	sibling = currentNode.getFirstChild();
	break;

	case Node.COMMENT_NODE :
	if (includeComments) {
	outputCommentToWriter((Comment) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
	}
	break;

	case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE :
	outputPItoWriter((ProcessingInstruction) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
	break;

	case Node.TEXT_NODE :
	case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE :
	outputTextToWriter(currentNode.getNodeValue(), writer);
	break;

	case Node.ELEMENT_NODE :
	documentLevel = NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	if (currentNode == excludeNode) {
	break;
	}
	Element currentElement = (Element)currentNode;
	//Add a level to the nssymbtable. So latter can be pop-back.
	ns.outputNodePush();
	writer.write('<');
	String name = currentElement.getTagName();
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(name, writer, cache);

	outputAttributesSubtree(currentElement, ns, cache, writer);

	writer.write('>');
	sibling = currentNode.getFirstChild();
	if (sibling == null) {
	writer.write(END_TAG.clone());
	UtfHelpper.writeStringToUtf8(name, writer);
	writer.write('>');
	//We finished with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
	ns.outputNodePop();
	if (parentNode != null) {
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	}
	} else {
	parentNode = currentElement;
	}
	break;

	case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE :
	default :
	break;
	}
	while (sibling == null && parentNode != null) {
	writer.write(END_TAG.clone());
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(((Element)parentNode).getTagName(), writer, cache);
	writer.write('>');
	//We finished with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
	ns.outputNodePop();
	if (parentNode == endnode) {
	return;
	}
	sibling = parentNode.getNextSibling();
	parentNode = parentNode.getParentNode();
	if (parentNode == null \|\| Node.ELEMENT_NODE != parentNode.getNodeType()) {
	documentLevel = NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	parentNode = null;
	}
	}
	if (sibling == null) {
	return;
	}
	currentNode = sibling;
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	} while(true);
	}


	private void engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(Node doc, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException {
	try {
	this.canonicalizeXPathNodeSet(doc, doc, writer);
	writer.flush();
	} catch (IOException ex) {
	throw new CanonicalizationException(ex);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Canonicalizes all the nodes included in the currentNode and contained in the
	* xpathNodeSet field.
	*
	* @param currentNode
	* @param endnode
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	private void canonicalizeXPathNodeSet(Node currentNode, Node endnode, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException, IOException {
	if (isVisibleInt(currentNode) == -1) {
	return;
	}
	boolean currentNodeIsVisible = false;
	NameSpaceSymbTable ns = new NameSpaceSymbTable();
	if (currentNode != null && Node.ELEMENT_NODE == currentNode.getNodeType()) {
	getParentNameSpaces((Element)currentNode, ns);
	}
	if (currentNode == null) {
	return;
	}
	Node sibling = null;
	Node parentNode = null;
	int documentLevel = NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	Map<String, byte[]> cache = new HashMap<>();
	do {
	switch (currentNode.getNodeType()) {

	case Node.ENTITY_NODE :
	case Node.NOTATION_NODE :
	case Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE :
	// illegal node type during traversal
	throw new CanonicalizationException("empty",
	new Object[]{"illegal node type during traversal"});

	case Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE :
	case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE :
	ns.outputNodePush();
	sibling = currentNode.getFirstChild();
	break;

	case Node.COMMENT_NODE :
	if (includeComments && isVisibleDO(currentNode, ns.getLevel()) == 1) {
	outputCommentToWriter((Comment) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
	}
	break;

	case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE :
	if (isVisible(currentNode)) {
	outputPItoWriter((ProcessingInstruction) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
	}
	break;

	case Node.TEXT_NODE :
	case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE :
	if (isVisible(currentNode)) {
	outputTextToWriter(currentNode.getNodeValue(), writer);
	for (Node nextSibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	nextSibling != null && (nextSibling.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE
	\|\| nextSibling.getNodeType() == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE);
	nextSibling = nextSibling.getNextSibling()) {
	outputTextToWriter(nextSibling.getNodeValue(), writer);
	currentNode = nextSibling;
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	}
	}
	break;

	case Node.ELEMENT_NODE :
	documentLevel = NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	Element currentElement = (Element) currentNode;
	//Add a level to the nssymbtable. So latter can be pop-back.
	String name = null;
	int i = isVisibleDO(currentNode, ns.getLevel());
	if (i == -1) {
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	break;
	}
	currentNodeIsVisible = i == 1;
	if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
	ns.outputNodePush();
	writer.write('<');
	name = currentElement.getTagName();
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(name, writer, cache);
	} else {
	ns.push();
	}

	outputAttributes(currentElement, ns, cache, writer);

	if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
	writer.write('>');
	}
	sibling = currentNode.getFirstChild();

	if (sibling == null) {
	if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
	writer.write(END_TAG.clone());
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(name, writer, cache);
	writer.write('>');
	//We finished with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
	ns.outputNodePop();
	} else {
	ns.pop();
	}
	if (parentNode != null) {
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	}
	} else {
	parentNode = currentElement;
	}
	break;

	case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE :
	default :
	break;
	}
	while (sibling == null && parentNode != null) {
	if (isVisible(parentNode)) {
	writer.write(END_TAG.clone());
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(((Element)parentNode).getTagName(), writer, cache);
	writer.write('>');
	//We finished with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
	ns.outputNodePop();
	} else {
	ns.pop();
	}
	if (parentNode == endnode) {
	return;
	}
	sibling = parentNode.getNextSibling();
	parentNode = parentNode.getParentNode();
	if (parentNode == null \|\| Node.ELEMENT_NODE != parentNode.getNodeType()) {
	parentNode = null;
	documentLevel = NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	}
	}
	if (sibling == null) {
	return;
	}
	currentNode = sibling;
	sibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
	} while(true);
	}

	protected int isVisibleDO(Node currentNode, int level) {
	if (nodeFilter != null) {
	Iterator<NodeFilter> it = nodeFilter.iterator();
	while (it.hasNext()) {
	int i = it.next().isNodeIncludeDO(currentNode, level);
	if (i != 1) {
	return i;
	}
	}
	}
	if (this.xpathNodeSet != null && !this.xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode)) {
	return 0;
	}
	return 1;
	}

	protected int isVisibleInt(Node currentNode) {
	if (nodeFilter != null) {
	Iterator<NodeFilter> it = nodeFilter.iterator();
	while (it.hasNext()) {
	int i = it.next().isNodeInclude(currentNode);
	if (i != 1) {
	return i;
	}
	}
	}
	if (this.xpathNodeSet != null && !this.xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode)) {
	return 0;
	}
	return 1;
	}

	protected boolean isVisible(Node currentNode) {
	if (nodeFilter != null) {
	Iterator<NodeFilter> it = nodeFilter.iterator();
	while (it.hasNext()) {
	if (it.next().isNodeInclude(currentNode) != 1) {
	return false;
	}
	}
	}

	return this.xpathNodeSet == null \|\| this.xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode);
	}

	protected void handleParent(Element e, NameSpaceSymbTable ns) {
	if (!e.hasAttributes() && e.getNamespaceURI() == null) {
	return;
	}
	NamedNodeMap attrs = e.getAttributes();
	int attrsLength = attrs.getLength();
	for (int i = 0; i < attrsLength; i++) {
	Attr attribute = (Attr) attrs.item(i);
	String NName = attribute.getLocalName();
	String NValue = attribute.getNodeValue();

	if (Constants.NamespaceSpecNS.equals(attribute.getNamespaceURI())
	&& (!XML.equals(NName) \|\| !Constants.XML_LANG_SPACE_SpecNS.equals(NValue))) {
	ns.addMapping(NName, NValue, attribute);
	}
	}
	if (e.getNamespaceURI() != null) {
	String NName = e.getPrefix();
	String NValue = e.getNamespaceURI();
	String Name;
	if (NName == null \|\| NName.isEmpty()) {
	NName = XMLNS;
	Name = XMLNS;
	} else {
	Name = XMLNS + ":" + NName;
	}
	Attr n = e.getOwnerDocument().createAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", Name);
	n.setValue(NValue);
	ns.addMapping(NName, NValue, n);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Adds to ns the definitions from the parent elements of el
	* @param el
	* @param ns
	*/
	private void getParentNameSpaces(Element el, NameSpaceSymbTable ns) {
	Node n1 = el.getParentNode();
	if (n1 == null \|\| Node.ELEMENT_NODE != n1.getNodeType()) {
	return;
	}
	//Obtain all the parents of the element
	List<Element> parents = new ArrayList<>();
	Node parent = n1;
	while (parent != null && Node.ELEMENT_NODE == parent.getNodeType()) {
	parents.add((Element)parent);
	parent = parent.getParentNode();
	}
	//Visit them in reverse order.
	ListIterator<Element> it = parents.listIterator(parents.size());
	while (it.hasPrevious()) {
	Element ele = it.previous();
	handleParent(ele, ns);
	}
	parents.clear();
	Attr nsprefix = ns.getMappingWithoutRendered(XMLNS);
	if (nsprefix != null && "".equals(nsprefix.getValue())) {
	ns.addMappingAndRender(
	XMLNS, "", getNullNode(nsprefix.getOwnerDocument()));
	}
	}

	/**
	* Output the attributes for this node in XPathNodeSet c14n.
	*
	* @param element
	* @param ns
	* @param cache
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException, DOMException, IOException
	*/
	abstract void outputAttributes(Element element, NameSpaceSymbTable ns,
	Map<String, byte[]> cache, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException, DOMException, IOException;

	/**
	* Output the attributes for this node in a Subtree c14n.
	*
	* @param element
	* @param ns
	* @param cache
	* @param writer OutputStream to write the canonicalization result
	* @throws CanonicalizationException, DOMException, IOException
	*/
	abstract void outputAttributesSubtree(Element element, NameSpaceSymbTable ns,
	Map<String, byte[]> cache, OutputStream writer)
	throws CanonicalizationException, DOMException, IOException;

	abstract void circumventBugIfNeeded(XMLSignatureInput input)
	throws XMLParserException, IOException;

	/**
	* Outputs an Attribute to the internal Writer.
	*
	* The string value of the node is modified by replacing
	* <UL>
	* <LI>all ampersands with {@code &amp;}</LI>
	* <LI>all open angle brackets with {@code &lt;}</LI>
	* <LI>all quotation mark characters with {@code &quot;}</LI>
	* <LI>and the whitespace characters {@code #x9}, #xA, and #xD, with character
	* references. The character references are written in uppercase
	* hexadecimal with no leading zeroes (for example, {@code #xD} is represented
	* by the character reference {@code &#xD;})</LI>
	* </UL>
	*
	* @param name
	* @param value
	* @param writer
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	protected static final void outputAttrToWriter(
	final String name, final String value,
	final OutputStream writer, final Map<String, byte[]> cache
	) throws IOException {
	writer.write(' ');
	UtfHelpper.writeByte(name, writer, cache);
	writer.write(EQUALS_STR.clone());
	byte[] toWrite;
	final int length = value.length();
	int i = 0;
	while (i < length) {
	int c = value.codePointAt(i);
	i += Character.charCount(c);

	switch (c) {

	case '&' :
	toWrite = AMP.clone();
	break;

	case '<' :
	toWrite = LT.clone();
	break;

	case '"' :
	toWrite = QUOT.clone();
	break;

	case 0x09 : // '\t'
	toWrite = X9.clone();
	break;

	case 0x0A : // '\n'
	toWrite = XA.clone();
	break;

	case 0x0D : // '\r'
	toWrite = XD.clone();
	break;

	default :
	if (c < 0x80) {
	writer.write(c);
	} else {
	UtfHelpper.writeCodePointToUtf8(c, writer);
	}
	continue;
	}
	writer.write(toWrite);
	}

	writer.write('\"');
	}

	/**
	* Outputs a PI to the internal Writer.
	*
	* @param currentPI
	* @param writer where to write the things
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	protected void outputPItoWriter(
	ProcessingInstruction currentPI, OutputStream writer, int position
	) throws IOException {
	if (position == NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	writer.write('\n');
	}
	writer.write(BEGIN_PI.clone());

	final String target = currentPI.getTarget();
	int length = target.length();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; ) {
	int c = target.codePointAt(i);
	i += Character.charCount(c);
	if (c == 0x0D) {
	writer.write(XD.clone());
	} else {
	if (c < 0x80) {
	writer.write(c);
	} else {
	UtfHelpper.writeCodePointToUtf8(c, writer);
	}
	}
	}

	final String data = currentPI.getData();

	length = data.length();

	if (length > 0) {
	writer.write(' ');

	for (int i = 0; i < length; ) {
	int c = data.codePointAt(i);
	i += Character.charCount(c);
	if (c == 0x0D) {
	writer.write(XD.clone());
	} else {
	UtfHelpper.writeCodePointToUtf8(c, writer);
	}
	}
	}

	writer.write(END_PI.clone());
	if (position == NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	writer.write('\n');
	}
	}

	/**
	* Method outputCommentToWriter
	*
	* @param currentComment
	* @param writer writer where to write the things
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	protected void outputCommentToWriter(
	Comment currentComment, OutputStream writer, int position
	) throws IOException {
	if (position == NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	writer.write('\n');
	}
	writer.write(BEGIN_COMM.clone());

	final String data = currentComment.getData();
	final int length = data.length();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; ) {
	int c = data.codePointAt(i);
	i += Character.charCount(c);
	if (c == 0x0D) {
	writer.write(XD.clone());
	} else {
	if (c < 0x80) {
	writer.write(c);
	} else {
	UtfHelpper.writeCodePointToUtf8(c, writer);
	}
	}
	}

	writer.write(END_COMM.clone());
	if (position == NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	writer.write('\n');
	}
	}

	/**
	* Outputs a Text of CDATA section to the internal Writer.
	*
	* @param text
	* @param writer writer where to write the things
	* @throws IOException
	*/
	private static final void outputTextToWriter(
	final String text, final OutputStream writer
	) throws IOException {
	final int length = text.length();
	byte[] toWrite;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ) {
	int c = text.codePointAt(i);
	i += Character.charCount(c);

	switch (c) {

	case '&' :
	toWrite = AMP.clone();
	break;

	case '<' :
	toWrite = LT.clone();
	break;

	case '>' :
	toWrite = GT.clone();
	break;

	case 0xD :
	toWrite = XD.clone();
	break;

	default :
	if (c < 0x80) {
	writer.write(c);
	} else {
	UtfHelpper.writeCodePointToUtf8(c, writer);
	}
	continue;
	}
	writer.write(toWrite);
	}
	}

	// The null xmlns definition.
	protected Attr getNullNode(Document ownerDocument) {
	if (nullNode == null) {
	try {
	nullNode = ownerDocument.createAttributeNS(
	Constants.NamespaceSpecNS, XMLNS);
	nullNode.setValue("");
	} catch (Exception e) {
	throw new RuntimeException("Unable to create nullNode: " + e);
	}
	}
	return nullNode;
	}

	}

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