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	/*
	* Copyright (c) 1995, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/

	package java.net;

	import java.io.File;
	import java.io.IOException;
	import java.io.InputStream;
	import java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider;
	import java.nio.file.Path;
	import java.security.AccessController;
	import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
	import java.util.Hashtable;
	import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
	import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
	import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
	import java.io.ObjectInputStream.GetField;
	import java.util.Iterator;
	import java.util.Locale;
	import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
	import java.util.ServiceConfigurationError;
	import java.util.ServiceLoader;

	import jdk.internal.access.JavaNetURLAccess;
	import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
	import jdk.internal.misc.VM;
	import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;
	import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
	import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;

	/**
	* Class {@code URL} represents a Uniform Resource
	* Locator, a pointer to a "resource" on the World
	* Wide Web. A resource can be something as simple as a file or a
	* directory, or it can be a reference to a more complicated object,
	* such as a query to a database or to a search engine. More
	* information on the types of URLs and their formats can be found at:
	* <a href=
	* "http://web.archive.org/web/20051219043731/http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Demo/url-primer.html">
	* <i>Types of URL</i></a>
	* <p>
	* In general, a URL can be broken into several parts. Consider the
	* following example:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* http://www.example.com/docs/resource1.html
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* The URL above indicates that the protocol to use is
	* {@code http} (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and that the
	* information resides on a host machine named
	* {@code www.example.com}. The information on that host
	* machine is named {@code /docs/resource1.html}. The exact
	* meaning of this name on the host machine is both protocol
	* dependent and host dependent. The information normally resides in
	* a file, but it could be generated on the fly. This component of
	* the URL is called the <i>path</i> component.
	* <p>
	* A URL can optionally specify a "port", which is the
	* port number to which the TCP connection is made on the remote host
	* machine. If the port is not specified, the default port for
	* the protocol is used instead. For example, the default port for
	* {@code http} is {@code 80}. An alternative port could be
	* specified as:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* http://www.example.com:1080/docs/resource1.html
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* The syntax of {@code URL} is defined by <a
	* href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt"><i>RFC 2396: Uniform
	* Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>, amended by <a
	* href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt"><i>RFC 2732: Format for
	* Literal IPv6 Addresses in URLs</i></a>. The Literal IPv6 address format
	* also supports scope_ids. The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described
	* <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a>.
	* <p>
	* A URL may have appended to it a "fragment", also known
	* as a "ref" or a "reference". The fragment is indicated by the sharp
	* sign character "#" followed by more characters. For example,
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* http://www.example.com/index.html#chapter1
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* This fragment is not technically part of the URL. Rather, it
	* indicates that after the specified resource is retrieved, the
	* application is specifically interested in that part of the
	* document that has the tag {@code chapter1} attached to it. The
	* meaning of a tag is resource specific.
	* <p>
	* An application can also specify a "relative URL",
	* which contains only enough information to reach the resource
	* relative to another URL. Relative URLs are frequently used within
	* HTML pages. For example, if the contents of the URL:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* http://www.example.com/index.html
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* contained within it the relative URL:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* FAQ.html
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* it would be a shorthand for:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* http://www.example.com/FAQ.html
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* <p>
	* The relative URL need not specify all the components of a URL. If
	* the protocol, host name, or port number is missing, the value is
	* inherited from the fully specified URL. The file component must be
	* specified. The optional fragment is not inherited.
	* <p>
	* The URL class does not itself encode or decode any URL components
	* according to the escaping mechanism defined in RFC2396. It is the
	* responsibility of the caller to encode any fields, which need to be
	* escaped prior to calling URL, and also to decode any escaped fields,
	* that are returned from URL. Furthermore, because URL has no knowledge
	* of URL escaping, it does not recognise equivalence between the encoded
	* or decoded form of the same URL. For example, the two URLs:<br>
	* <pre> http://foo.com/hello world/ and http://foo.com/hello%20world</pre>
	* would be considered not equal to each other.
	* <p>
	* Note, the {@link java.net.URI} class does perform escaping of its
	* component fields in certain circumstances. The recommended way
	* to manage the encoding and decoding of URLs is to use {@link java.net.URI},
	* and to convert between these two classes using {@link #toURI()} and
	* {@link URI#toURL()}.
	* <p>
	* The {@link URLEncoder} and {@link URLDecoder} classes can also be
	* used, but only for HTML form encoding, which is not the same
	* as the encoding scheme defined in RFC2396.
	*
	* @apiNote
	*
	* Applications working with file paths and file URIs should take great
	* care to use the appropriate methods to convert between the two.
	* The {@link Path#of(URI)} factory method and the {@link File#File(URI)}
	* constructor can be used to create {@link Path} or {@link File}
	* objects from a file URI. {@link Path#toUri()} and {@link File#toURI()}
	* can be used to create a {@link URI} from a file path, which can be
	* converted to URL using {@link URI#toURL()}.
	* Applications should never try to {@linkplain #URL(String, String, String)
	* construct} or {@linkplain #URL(String) parse} a {@code URL}
	* from the direct string representation of a {@code File} or {@code Path}
	* instance.
	* <p>
	* Some components of a URL or URI, such as <i>userinfo</i>, may
	* be abused to construct misleading URLs or URIs. Applications
	* that deal with URLs or URIs should take into account
	* the recommendations advised in <a
	* href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-7">RFC3986,
	* Section 7, Security Considerations</a>.
	*
	* @author James Gosling
	* @since 1.0
	*/
	public final class URL implements java.io.Serializable {

	static final String BUILTIN_HANDLERS_PREFIX = "sun.net.www.protocol";
	@java.io.Serial
	static final long serialVersionUID = -7627629688361524110L;

	/**
	* The property which specifies the package prefix list to be scanned
	* for protocol handlers. The value of this property (if any) should
	* be a vertical bar delimited list of package names to search through
	* for a protocol handler to load. The policy of this class is that
	* all protocol handlers will be in a class called <protocolname>.Handler,
	* and each package in the list is examined in turn for a matching
	* handler. If none are found (or the property is not specified), the
	* default package prefix, sun.net.www.protocol, is used. The search
	* proceeds from the first package in the list to the last and stops
	* when a match is found.
	*/
	private static final String protocolPathProp = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";

	/**
	* The protocol to use (ftp, http, nntp, ... etc.) .
	* @serial
	*/
	private String protocol;

	/**
	* The host name to connect to.
	* @serial
	*/
	private String host;

	/**
	* The protocol port to connect to.
	* @serial
	*/
	private int port = -1;

	/**
	* The specified file name on that host. {@code file} is
	* defined as {@code path[?query]}
	* @serial
	*/
	private String file;

	/**
	* The query part of this URL.
	*/
	private transient String query;

	/**
	* The authority part of this URL.
	* @serial
	*/
	private String authority;

	/**
	* The path part of this URL.
	*/
	private transient String path;

	/**
	* The userinfo part of this URL.
	*/
	private transient String userInfo;

	/**
	* # reference.
	* @serial
	*/
	private String ref;

	/**
	* The host's IP address, used in equals and hashCode.
	* Computed on demand. An uninitialized or unknown hostAddress is null.
	*/
	private transient InetAddress hostAddress;

	/**
	* The URLStreamHandler for this URL.
	*/
	transient URLStreamHandler handler;

	/* Our hash code.
	* @serial
	*/
	private int hashCode = -1;

	private transient UrlDeserializedState tempState;

	/**
	* Creates a {@code URL} object from the specified
	* {@code protocol}, {@code host}, {@code port}
	* number, and {@code file}.<p>
	*
	* {@code host} can be expressed as a host name or a literal
	* IP address. If IPv6 literal address is used, it should be
	* enclosed in square brackets ({@code '['} and {@code ']'}), as
	* specified by <a
	* href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt">RFC 2732</a>;
	* However, the literal IPv6 address format defined in <a
	* href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt"><i>RFC 2373: IP
	* Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a> is also accepted.<p>
	*
	* Specifying a {@code port} number of {@code -1}
	* indicates that the URL should use the default port for the
	* protocol.<p>
	*
	* If this is the first URL object being created with the specified
	* protocol, a <i>stream protocol handler</i> object, an instance of
	* class {@code URLStreamHandler}, is created for that protocol:
	* <ol>
	* <li>If the application has previously set up an instance of
	* {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} as the stream handler factory,
	* then the {@code createURLStreamHandler} method of that instance
	* is called with the protocol string as an argument to create the
	* stream protocol handler.
	* <li>If no {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} has yet been set up,
	* or if the factory's {@code createURLStreamHandler} method
	* returns {@code null}, then the {@linkplain java.util.ServiceLoader
	* ServiceLoader} mechanism is used to locate {@linkplain
	* java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider URLStreamHandlerProvider}
	* implementations using the system class
	* loader. The order that providers are located is implementation
	* specific, and an implementation is free to cache the located
	* providers. A {@linkplain java.util.ServiceConfigurationError
	* ServiceConfigurationError}, {@code Error} or {@code RuntimeException}
	* thrown from the {@code createURLStreamHandler}, if encountered, will
	* be propagated to the calling thread. The {@code
	* createURLStreamHandler} method of each provider, if instantiated, is
	* invoked, with the protocol string, until a provider returns non-null,
	* or all providers have been exhausted.
	* <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, the
	* constructor reads the value of the system property:
	* <blockquote>{@systemProperty
	* java.protocol.handler.pkgs
	* }</blockquote>
	* If the value of that system property is not {@code null},
	* it is interpreted as a list of packages separated by a vertical
	* slash character '{@code \|}'. The constructor tries to load
	* the class named:
	* <blockquote>{@code
	* <package>.<protocol>.Handler
	* }</blockquote>
	* where {@code <package>} is replaced by the name of the package
	* and {@code <protocol>} is replaced by the name of the protocol.
	* If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not
	* a subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then the next package
	* in the list is tried.
	* <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, then the
	* constructor tries to load a built-in protocol handler.
	* If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not a
	* subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then a
	* {@code MalformedURLException} is thrown.
	* </ol>
	*
	* <p>Protocol handlers for the following protocols are guaranteed
	* to exist on the search path:
	* <ul>
	* <li>{@code http}</li>
	* <li>{@code https}</li>
	* <li>{@code file}</li>
	* <li>{@code jar}</li>
	* </ul>
	* Protocol handlers for additional protocols may also be available.
	* Some protocol handlers, for example those used for loading platform
	* classes or classes on the class path, may not be overridden. The details
	* of such restrictions, and when those restrictions apply (during
	* initialization of the runtime for example), are implementation specific
	* and therefore not specified
	*
	* <p>No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
	*
	* @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
	* @param host the name of the host.
	* @param port the port number on the host.
	* @param file the file on the host
	* @throws MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol or the port
	* is a negative number other than -1
	* @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(
	* java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(
	* java.lang.String)
	*/
	public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file)
	throws MalformedURLException
	{
	this(protocol, host, port, file, null);
	}

	/**
	* Creates a URL from the specified {@code protocol}
	* name, {@code host} name, and {@code file} name. The
	* default port for the specified protocol is used.
	* <p>
	* This constructor is equivalent to the four-argument
	* constructor with the only difference of using the
	* default port for the specified protocol.
	*
	* No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
	*
	* @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
	* @param host the name of the host.
	* @param file the file on the host.
	* @throws MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol is specified.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	*/
	public URL(String protocol, String host, String file)
	throws MalformedURLException {
	this(protocol, host, -1, file);
	}

	/**
	* Creates a {@code URL} object from the specified
	* {@code protocol}, {@code host}, {@code port}
	* number, {@code file}, and {@code handler}. Specifying
	* a {@code port} number of {@code -1} indicates that
	* the URL should use the default port for the protocol. Specifying
	* a {@code handler} of {@code null} indicates that the URL
	* should use a default stream handler for the protocol, as outlined
	* for:
	* {@link java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,
	* java.lang.String)}
	*
	* <p>If the handler is not null and there is a security manager,
	* the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
	* method is called with a
	* {@code NetPermission("specifyStreamHandler")} permission.
	* This may result in a SecurityException.
	*
	* No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
	*
	* @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
	* @param host the name of the host.
	* @param port the port number on the host.
	* @param file the file on the host
	* @param handler the stream handler for the URL.
	* @throws MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol or the port
	* is a negative number other than -1
	* @throws SecurityException
	* if a security manager exists and its
	* {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
	* specifying a stream handler explicitly.
	* @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(
	* java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(
	* java.lang.String)
	* @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
	* @see java.net.NetPermission
	*/
	public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file,
	URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException {
	if (handler != null) {
	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm != null) {
	// check for permission to specify a handler
	checkSpecifyHandler(sm);
	}
	}

	protocol = toLowerCase(protocol);
	this.protocol = protocol;
	if (host != null) {

	/**
	* if host is a literal IPv6 address,
	* we will make it conform to RFC 2732
	*/
	if (host.indexOf(':') >= 0 && !host.startsWith("[")) {
	host = "["+host+"]";
	}
	this.host = host;

	if (port < -1) {
	throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid port number :" +
	port);
	}
	this.port = port;
	authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
	}

	int index = file.indexOf('#');
	this.ref = index < 0 ? null : file.substring(index + 1);
	file = index < 0 ? file : file.substring(0, index);
	int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');
	if (q != -1) {
	this.query = file.substring(q + 1);
	this.path = file.substring(0, q);
	this.file = path + "?" + query;
	} else {
	this.path = file;
	this.file = path;
	}

	// Note: we don't do full validation of the URL here. Too risky to change
	// right now, but worth considering for future reference. -br
	if (handler == null &&
	(handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {
	throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);
	}
	this.handler = handler;
	if (host != null && isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler)) {
	String s = IPAddressUtil.checkExternalForm(this);
	if (s != null) {
	throw new MalformedURLException(s);
	}
	}
	if ("jar".equalsIgnoreCase(protocol)) {
	if (handler instanceof sun.net.www.protocol.jar.Handler) {
	// URL.openConnection() would throw a confusing exception
	// so generate a better exception here instead.
	String s = ((sun.net.www.protocol.jar.Handler) handler).checkNestedProtocol(file);
	if (s != null) {
	throw new MalformedURLException(s);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Creates a {@code URL} object from the {@code String}
	* representation.
	* <p>
	* This constructor is equivalent to a call to the two-argument
	* constructor with a {@code null} first argument.
	*
	* @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
	* @throws MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
	* unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
	* or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
	* of the associated protocol.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, java.lang.String)
	*/
	public URL(String spec) throws MalformedURLException {
	this(null, spec);
	}

	/**
	* Creates a URL by parsing the given spec within a specified context.
	*
	* The new URL is created from the given context URL and the spec
	* argument as described in
	* RFC2396 "Uniform Resource Identifiers : Generic * Syntax" :
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* <scheme>://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>
	* </pre></blockquote>
	* The reference is parsed into the scheme, authority, path, query and
	* fragment parts. If the path component is empty and the scheme,
	* authority, and query components are undefined, then the new URL is a
	* reference to the current document. Otherwise, the fragment and query
	* parts present in the spec are used in the new URL.
	* <p>
	* If the scheme component is defined in the given spec and does not match
	* the scheme of the context, then the new URL is created as an absolute
	* URL based on the spec alone. Otherwise the scheme component is inherited
	* from the context URL.
	* <p>
	* If the authority component is present in the spec then the spec is
	* treated as absolute and the spec authority and path will replace the
	* context authority and path. If the authority component is absent in the
	* spec then the authority of the new URL will be inherited from the
	* context.
	* <p>
	* If the spec's path component begins with a slash character
	* "/" then the
	* path is treated as absolute and the spec path replaces the context path.
	* <p>
	* Otherwise, the path is treated as a relative path and is appended to the
	* context path, as described in RFC2396. Also, in this case,
	* the path is canonicalized through the removal of directory
	* changes made by occurrences of ".." and ".".
	* <p>
	* For a more detailed description of URL parsing, refer to RFC2396.
	*
	* @param context the context in which to parse the specification.
	* @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
	* @throws MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
	* unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
	* or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
	* of the associated protocol.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,
	* java.lang.String, int, int)
	*/
	public URL(URL context, String spec) throws MalformedURLException {
	this(context, spec, null);
	}

	/**
	* Creates a URL by parsing the given spec with the specified handler
	* within a specified context. If the handler is null, the parsing
	* occurs as with the two argument constructor.
	*
	* @param context the context in which to parse the specification.
	* @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
	* @param handler the stream handler for the URL.
	* @throws MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
	* unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
	* or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
	* of the associated protocol.
	* @throws SecurityException
	* if a security manager exists and its
	* {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
	* specifying a stream handler.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,
	* java.lang.String, int, int)
	*/
	public URL(URL context, String spec, URLStreamHandler handler)
	throws MalformedURLException
	{
	String original = spec;
	int i, limit, c;
	int start = 0;
	String newProtocol = null;
	boolean aRef=false;
	boolean isRelative = false;

	// Check for permission to specify a handler
	if (handler != null) {
	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm != null) {
	checkSpecifyHandler(sm);
	}
	}

	try {
	limit = spec.length();
	while ((limit > 0) && (spec.charAt(limit - 1) <= ' ')) {
	limit--; //eliminate trailing whitespace
	}
	while ((start < limit) && (spec.charAt(start) <= ' ')) {
	start++; // eliminate leading whitespace
	}

	if (spec.regionMatches(true, start, "url:", 0, 4)) {
	start += 4;
	}
	if (start < spec.length() && spec.charAt(start) == '#') {
	/* we're assuming this is a ref relative to the context URL.
	* This means protocols cannot start w/ '#', but we must parse
	* ref URL's like: "hello:there" w/ a ':' in them.
	*/
	aRef=true;
	}
	for (i = start ; !aRef && (i < limit) &&
	((c = spec.charAt(i)) != '/') ; i++) {
	if (c == ':') {
	String s = toLowerCase(spec.substring(start, i));
	if (isValidProtocol(s)) {
	newProtocol = s;
	start = i + 1;
	}
	break;
	}
	}

	// Only use our context if the protocols match.
	protocol = newProtocol;
	if ((context != null) && ((newProtocol == null) \|\|
	newProtocol.equalsIgnoreCase(context.protocol))) {
	// inherit the protocol handler from the context
	// if not specified to the constructor
	if (handler == null) {
	handler = context.handler;
	}

	// If the context is a hierarchical URL scheme and the spec
	// contains a matching scheme then maintain backwards
	// compatibility and treat it as if the spec didn't contain
	// the scheme; see 5.2.3 of RFC2396
	if (context.path != null && context.path.startsWith("/"))
	newProtocol = null;

	if (newProtocol == null) {
	protocol = context.protocol;
	authority = context.authority;
	userInfo = context.userInfo;
	host = context.host;
	port = context.port;
	file = context.file;
	path = context.path;
	isRelative = true;
	}
	}

	if (protocol == null) {
	throw new MalformedURLException("no protocol: "+original);
	}

	// Get the protocol handler if not specified or the protocol
	// of the context could not be used
	if (handler == null &&
	(handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {
	throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: "+protocol);
	}

	this.handler = handler;

	i = spec.indexOf('#', start);
	if (i >= 0) {
	ref = spec.substring(i + 1, limit);
	limit = i;
	}

	/*
	* Handle special case inheritance of query and fragment
	* implied by RFC2396 section 5.2.2.
	*/
	if (isRelative && start == limit) {
	query = context.query;
	if (ref == null) {
	ref = context.ref;
	}
	}

	handler.parseURL(this, spec, start, limit);

	} catch(MalformedURLException e) {
	throw e;
	} catch(Exception e) {
	MalformedURLException exception = new MalformedURLException(e.getMessage());
	exception.initCause(e);
	throw exception;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Creates a URL from a URI, as if by invoking {@code uri.toURL()}.
	*
	* @see java.net.URI#toURL()
	*/
	static URL fromURI(URI uri) throws MalformedURLException {
	if (!uri.isAbsolute()) {
	throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not absolute");
	}
	String protocol = uri.getScheme();

	// In general we need to go via Handler.parseURL, but for the jrt
	// protocol we enforce that the Handler is not overrideable and can
	// optimize URI to URL conversion.
	//
	// Case-sensitive comparison for performance; malformed protocols will
	// be handled correctly by the slow path.
	if (protocol.equals("jrt") && !uri.isOpaque()
	&& uri.getRawFragment() == null) {

	String query = uri.getRawQuery();
	String path = uri.getRawPath();
	String file = (query == null) ? path : path + "?" + query;

	// URL represent undefined host as empty string while URI use null
	String host = uri.getHost();
	if (host == null) {
	host = "";
	}

	int port = uri.getPort();

	return new URL("jrt", host, port, file, null);
	} else {
	return new URL((URL)null, uri.toString(), null);
	}
	}

	/*
	* Returns true if specified string is a valid protocol name.
	*/
	private boolean isValidProtocol(String protocol) {
	int len = protocol.length();
	if (len < 1)
	return false;
	char c = protocol.charAt(0);
	if (!Character.isLetter(c))
	return false;
	for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
	c = protocol.charAt(i);
	if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c != '.' && c != '+' &&
	c != '-') {
	return false;
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	/*
	* Checks for permission to specify a stream handler.
	*/
	private void checkSpecifyHandler(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm) {
	sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.SPECIFY_HANDLER_PERMISSION);
	}

	/**
	* Sets the specified 8 fields of the URL. This is not a public method so
	* that only URLStreamHandlers can modify URL fields. URLs are otherwise
	* constant.
	*
	* @param protocol the name of the protocol to use
	* @param host the name of the host
	* @param port the port number on the host
	* @param authority the authority part for the url
	* @param userInfo the username and password
	* @param path the file on the host
	* @param ref the internal reference in the URL
	* @param query the query part of this URL
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	void set(String protocol, String host, int port,
	String authority, String userInfo, String path,
	String query, String ref) {
	synchronized (this) {
	this.protocol = protocol;
	this.host = host;
	this.port = port;
	this.file = query == null ? path : path + "?" + query;
	this.userInfo = userInfo;
	this.path = path;
	this.ref = ref;
	/* This is very important. We must recompute this after the
	* URL has been changed. */
	hashCode = -1;
	hostAddress = null;
	this.query = query;
	this.authority = authority;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns the address of the host represented by this URL.
	* A {@link SecurityException} or an {@link UnknownHostException}
	* while getting the host address will result in this method returning
	* {@code null}
	*
	* @return an {@link InetAddress} representing the host
	*/
	synchronized InetAddress getHostAddress() {
	if (hostAddress != null) {
	return hostAddress;
	}

	if (host == null \|\| host.isEmpty()) {
	return null;
	}
	try {
	hostAddress = InetAddress.getByName(host);
	} catch (UnknownHostException \| SecurityException ex) {
	return null;
	}
	return hostAddress;
	}


	/**
	* Gets the query part of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the query part of this {@code URL},
	* or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	public String getQuery() {
	return query;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the path part of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the path part of this {@code URL}, or an
	* empty string if one does not exist
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	public String getPath() {
	return path;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the userInfo part of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the userInfo part of this {@code URL}, or
	* <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	public String getUserInfo() {
	return userInfo;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the authority part of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the authority part of this {@code URL}
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	public String getAuthority() {
	return authority;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the port number of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the port number, or -1 if the port is not set
	*/
	public int getPort() {
	return port;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the default port number of the protocol associated
	* with this {@code URL}. If the URL scheme or the URLStreamHandler
	* for the URL do not define a default port number,
	* then -1 is returned.
	*
	* @return the port number
	* @since 1.4
	*/
	public int getDefaultPort() {
	return handler.getDefaultPort();
	}

	/**
	* Gets the protocol name of this {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the protocol of this {@code URL}.
	*/
	public String getProtocol() {
	return protocol;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the host name of this {@code URL}, if applicable.
	* The format of the host conforms to RFC 2732, i.e. for a
	* literal IPv6 address, this method will return the IPv6 address
	* enclosed in square brackets ({@code '['} and {@code ']'}).
	*
	* @return the host name of this {@code URL}.
	*/
	public String getHost() {
	return host;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the file name of this {@code URL}.
	* The returned file portion will be
	* the same as <CODE>getPath()</CODE>, plus the concatenation of
	* the value of <CODE>getQuery()</CODE>, if any. If there is
	* no query portion, this method and <CODE>getPath()</CODE> will
	* return identical results.
	*
	* @return the file name of this {@code URL},
	* or an empty string if one does not exist
	*/
	public String getFile() {
	return file;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this
	* {@code URL}.
	*
	* @return the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this
	* {@code URL}, or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
	*/
	public String getRef() {
	return ref;
	}

	/**
	* Compares this URL for equality with another object.<p>
	*
	* If the given object is not a URL then this method immediately returns
	* {@code false}.<p>
	*
	* Two URL objects are equal if they have the same protocol, reference
	* equivalent hosts, have the same port number on the host, and the same
	* file and fragment of the file.<p>
	*
	* Two hosts are considered equivalent if both host names can be resolved
	* into the same IP addresses; else if either host name can't be
	* resolved, the host names must be equal without regard to case; or both
	* host names equal to null.<p>
	*
	* Since hosts comparison requires name resolution, this operation is a
	* blocking operation. <p>
	*
	* Note: The defined behavior for {@code equals} is known to
	* be inconsistent with virtual hosting in HTTP.
	*
	* @param obj the URL to compare against.
	* @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
	* {@code false} otherwise.
	*/
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	if (!(obj instanceof URL u2))
	return false;

	return handler.equals(this, u2);
	}

	/**
	* Creates an integer suitable for hash table indexing.<p>
	*
	* The hash code is based upon all the URL components relevant for URL
	* comparison. As such, this operation is a blocking operation.
	*
	* @return a hash code for this {@code URL}.
	*/
	public synchronized int hashCode() {
	if (hashCode != -1)
	return hashCode;

	hashCode = handler.hashCode(this);
	return hashCode;
	}

	/**
	* Compares two URLs, excluding the fragment component.<p>
	*
	* Returns {@code true} if this {@code URL} and the
	* {@code other} argument are equal without taking the
	* fragment component into consideration.
	*
	* @param other the {@code URL} to compare against.
	* @return {@code true} if they reference the same remote object;
	* {@code false} otherwise.
	*/
	public boolean sameFile(URL other) {
	return handler.sameFile(this, other);
	}

	/**
	* Constructs a string representation of this {@code URL}. The
	* string is created by calling the {@code toExternalForm}
	* method of the stream protocol handler for this object.
	*
	* @return a string representation of this object.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,
	* java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)
	*/
	public String toString() {
	return toExternalForm();
	}

	/**
	* Constructs a string representation of this {@code URL}. The
	* string is created by calling the {@code toExternalForm}
	* method of the stream protocol handler for this object.
	*
	* @return a string representation of this object.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)
	*/
	public String toExternalForm() {
	return handler.toExternalForm(this);
	}

	/**
	* Returns a {@link java.net.URI} equivalent to this URL.
	* This method functions in the same way as {@code new URI (this.toString())}.
	* <p>Note, any URL instance that complies with RFC 2396 can be converted
	* to a URI. However, some URLs that are not strictly in compliance
	* can not be converted to a URI.
	*
	* @throws URISyntaxException if this URL is not formatted strictly according to
	* RFC2396 and cannot be converted to a URI.
	*
	* @return a URI instance equivalent to this URL.
	* @since 1.5
	*/
	public URI toURI() throws URISyntaxException {
	URI uri = new URI(toString());
	if (authority != null && isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler)) {
	String s = IPAddressUtil.checkAuthority(this);
	if (s != null) throw new URISyntaxException(authority, s);
	}
	return uri;
	}

	/**
	* Returns a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} instance that
	* represents a connection to the remote object referred to by the
	* {@code URL}.
	*
	* <P>A new instance of {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} is
	* created every time when invoking the
	* {@linkplain java.net.URLStreamHandler#openConnection(URL)
	* URLStreamHandler.openConnection(URL)} method of the protocol handler for
	* this URL.</P>
	*
	* <P>It should be noted that a URLConnection instance does not establish
	* the actual network connection on creation. This will happen only when
	* calling {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection#connect() URLConnection.connect()}.</P>
	*
	* <P>If for the URL's protocol (such as HTTP or JAR), there
	* exists a public, specialized URLConnection subclass belonging
	* to one of the following packages or one of their subpackages:
	* java.lang, java.io, java.util, java.net, the connection
	* returned will be of that subclass. For example, for HTTP an
	* HttpURLConnection will be returned, and for JAR a
	* JarURLConnection will be returned.</P>
	*
	* @return a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} linking
	* to the URL.
	* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	*/
	public URLConnection openConnection() throws java.io.IOException {
	return handler.openConnection(this);
	}

	/**
	* Same as {@link #openConnection()}, except that the connection will be
	* made through the specified proxy; Protocol handlers that do not
	* support proxying will ignore the proxy parameter and make a
	* normal connection.
	*
	* Invoking this method preempts the system's default
	* {@link java.net.ProxySelector ProxySelector} settings.
	*
	* @param proxy the Proxy through which this connection
	* will be made. If direct connection is desired,
	* Proxy.NO_PROXY should be specified.
	* @return a {@code URLConnection} to the URL.
	* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
	* @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present
	* and the caller doesn't have permission to connect
	* to the proxy.
	* @throws IllegalArgumentException will be thrown if proxy is null,
	* or proxy has the wrong type
	* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the subclass that
	* implements the protocol handler doesn't support
	* this method.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLConnection
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#openConnection(java.net.URL,
	* java.net.Proxy)
	* @since 1.5
	*/
	public URLConnection openConnection(Proxy proxy)
	throws java.io.IOException {
	if (proxy == null) {
	throw new IllegalArgumentException("proxy can not be null");
	}

	// Create a copy of Proxy as a security measure
	Proxy p = proxy == Proxy.NO_PROXY ? Proxy.NO_PROXY : sun.net.ApplicationProxy.create(proxy);
	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (p.type() != Proxy.Type.DIRECT && sm != null) {
	InetSocketAddress epoint = (InetSocketAddress) p.address();
	if (epoint.isUnresolved())
	sm.checkConnect(epoint.getHostName(), epoint.getPort());
	else
	sm.checkConnect(epoint.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
	epoint.getPort());
	}
	return handler.openConnection(this, p);
	}

	/**
	* Opens a connection to this {@code URL} and returns an
	* {@code InputStream} for reading from that connection. This
	* method is a shorthand for:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* openConnection().getInputStream()
	* </pre></blockquote>
	*
	* @return an input stream for reading from the URL connection.
	* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
	* @see java.net.URL#openConnection()
	* @see java.net.URLConnection#getInputStream()
	*/
	public final InputStream openStream() throws java.io.IOException {
	return openConnection().getInputStream();
	}

	/**
	* Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* openConnection().getContent()
	* </pre></blockquote>
	*
	* @return the contents of this URL.
	* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
	* @see java.net.URLConnection#getContent()
	*/
	public final Object getContent() throws java.io.IOException {
	return openConnection().getContent();
	}

	/**
	* Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:
	* <blockquote><pre>
	* openConnection().getContent(classes)
	* </pre></blockquote>
	*
	* @param classes an array of Java types
	* @return the content object of this URL that is the first match of
	* the types specified in the classes array.
	* null if none of the requested types are supported.
	* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
	* @see java.net.URLConnection#getContent(Class[])
	* @since 1.3
	*/
	public final Object getContent(Class<?>[] classes)
	throws java.io.IOException {
	return openConnection().getContent(classes);
	}

	/**
	* The URLStreamHandler factory.
	*/
	private static volatile URLStreamHandlerFactory factory;

	/**
	* Sets an application's {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory}.
	* This method can be called at most once in a given Java Virtual
	* Machine.
	*
	*<p> The {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} instance is used to
	*construct a stream protocol handler from a protocol name.
	*
	* <p> If there is a security manager, this method first calls
	* the security manager's {@code checkSetFactory} method
	* to ensure the operation is allowed.
	* This could result in a SecurityException.
	*
	* @param fac the desired factory.
	* @throws Error if the application has already set a factory.
	* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
	* {@code checkSetFactory} method doesn't allow
	* the operation.
	* @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
	* int, java.lang.String)
	* @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory
	* @see SecurityManager#checkSetFactory
	*/
	public static void setURLStreamHandlerFactory(URLStreamHandlerFactory fac) {
	synchronized (streamHandlerLock) {
	if (factory != null) {
	throw new Error("factory already defined");
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
	SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (security != null) {
	security.checkSetFactory();
	}
	handlers.clear();

	// safe publication of URLStreamHandlerFactory with volatile write
	factory = fac;
	}
	}

	private static final URLStreamHandlerFactory defaultFactory = new DefaultFactory();

	private static class DefaultFactory implements URLStreamHandlerFactory {
	private static String PREFIX = "sun.net.www.protocol.";

	public URLStreamHandler createURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {
	// Avoid using reflection during bootstrap
	switch (protocol) {
	case "file":
	return new sun.net.www.protocol.file.Handler();
	case "jar":
	return new sun.net.www.protocol.jar.Handler();
	case "jrt":
	return new sun.net.www.protocol.jrt.Handler();
	}
	String name = PREFIX + protocol + ".Handler";
	try {
	Object o = Class.forName(name).getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
	return (URLStreamHandler)o;
	} catch (Exception e) {
	// For compatibility, all Exceptions are ignored.
	// any number of exceptions can get thrown here
	}
	return null;
	}
	}

	private static URLStreamHandler lookupViaProperty(String protocol) {
	String packagePrefixList =
	GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty(protocolPathProp);
	if (packagePrefixList == null) {
	// not set
	return null;
	}

	String[] packagePrefixes = packagePrefixList.split("\\\|");
	URLStreamHandler handler = null;
	for (int i=0; handler == null && i<packagePrefixes.length; i++) {
	String packagePrefix = packagePrefixes[i].trim();
	try {
	String clsName = packagePrefix + "." + protocol + ".Handler";
	Class<?> cls = null;
	try {
	cls = Class.forName(clsName);
	} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
	if (cl != null) {
	cls = cl.loadClass(clsName);
	}
	}
	if (cls != null) {
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	Object tmp = cls.newInstance();
	handler = (URLStreamHandler)tmp;
	}
	} catch (Exception e) {
	// any number of exceptions can get thrown here
	}
	}
	return handler;
	}

	private static Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> providers() {
	return new Iterator<>() {

	ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
	ServiceLoader<URLStreamHandlerProvider> sl =
	ServiceLoader.load(URLStreamHandlerProvider.class, cl);
	Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> i = sl.iterator();

	URLStreamHandlerProvider next = null;

	private boolean getNext() {
	while (next == null) {
	try {
	if (!i.hasNext())
	return false;
	next = i.next();
	} catch (ServiceConfigurationError sce) {
	if (sce.getCause() instanceof SecurityException) {
	// Ignore security exceptions
	continue;
	}
	throw sce;
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	public boolean hasNext() {
	return getNext();
	}

	public URLStreamHandlerProvider next() {
	if (!getNext())
	throw new NoSuchElementException();
	URLStreamHandlerProvider n = next;
	next = null;
	return n;
	}
	};
	}

	// Thread-local gate to prevent recursive provider lookups
	private static ThreadLocal<Object> gate = new ThreadLocal<>();

	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
	private static URLStreamHandler lookupViaProviders(final String protocol) {
	if (gate.get() != null)
	throw new Error("Circular loading of URL stream handler providers detected");

	gate.set(gate);
	try {
	return AccessController.doPrivileged(
	new PrivilegedAction<>() {
	public URLStreamHandler run() {
	Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> itr = providers();
	while (itr.hasNext()) {
	URLStreamHandlerProvider f = itr.next();
	URLStreamHandler h = f.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
	if (h != null)
	return h;
	}
	return null;
	}
	});
	} finally {
	gate.set(null);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns the protocol in lower case. Special cases known protocols
	* to avoid loading locale classes during startup.
	*/
	static String toLowerCase(String protocol) {
	if (protocol.equals("jrt") \|\| protocol.equals("file") \|\| protocol.equals("jar")) {
	return protocol;
	} else {
	return protocol.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Non-overrideable protocols: "jrt" and "file"
	*
	* Character-based comparison for performance reasons; also ensures
	* case-insensitive comparison in a locale-independent fashion.
	*/
	static boolean isOverrideable(String protocol) {
	if (protocol.length() == 3) {
	if ((Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(0)) == 'j') &&
	(Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(1)) == 'r') &&
	(Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(2)) == 't')) {
	return false;
	}
	} else if (protocol.length() == 4) {
	if ((Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(0)) == 'f') &&
	(Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(1)) == 'i') &&
	(Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(2)) == 'l') &&
	(Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(3)) == 'e')) {
	return false;
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	/**
	* A table of protocol handlers.
	*/
	static Hashtable<String,URLStreamHandler> handlers = new Hashtable<>();
	private static final Object streamHandlerLock = new Object();

	/**
	* Returns the Stream Handler.
	* @param protocol the protocol to use
	*/
	static URLStreamHandler getURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {

	URLStreamHandler handler = handlers.get(protocol);

	if (handler != null) {
	return handler;
	}

	URLStreamHandlerFactory fac;
	boolean checkedWithFactory = false;
	boolean overrideableProtocol = isOverrideable(protocol);

	if (overrideableProtocol && VM.isBooted()) {
	// Use the factory (if any). Volatile read makes
	// URLStreamHandlerFactory appear fully initialized to current thread.
	fac = factory;
	if (fac != null) {
	handler = fac.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
	checkedWithFactory = true;
	}

	if (handler == null && !protocol.equalsIgnoreCase("jar")) {
	handler = lookupViaProviders(protocol);
	}

	if (handler == null) {
	handler = lookupViaProperty(protocol);
	}
	}

	if (handler == null) {
	// Try the built-in protocol handler
	handler = defaultFactory.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
	}

	synchronized (streamHandlerLock) {
	URLStreamHandler handler2 = null;

	// Check again with hashtable just in case another
	// thread created a handler since we last checked
	handler2 = handlers.get(protocol);

	if (handler2 != null) {
	return handler2;
	}

	// Check with factory if another thread set a
	// factory since our last check
	if (overrideableProtocol && !checkedWithFactory &&
	(fac = factory) != null) {
	handler2 = fac.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
	}

	if (handler2 != null) {
	// The handler from the factory must be given more
	// importance. Discard the default handler that
	// this thread created.
	handler = handler2;
	}

	// Insert this handler into the hashtable
	if (handler != null) {
	handlers.put(protocol, handler);
	}
	}
	return handler;
	}

	/**
	* @serialField protocol String the protocol to use (ftp, http, nntp, ... etc.)
	*
	* @serialField host String the host name to connect to
	*
	* @serialField port int the protocol port to connect to
	*
	* @serialField authority String the authority part of this URL
	*
	* @serialField file String the specified file name on that host. {@code file} is
	* defined as {@code path[?query]}
	*
	* @serialField ref String the fragment part of this URL
	*
	* @serialField hashCode int the hashCode of this URL
	*
	*/
	@java.io.Serial
	private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
	new ObjectStreamField("protocol", String.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("host", String.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("port", int.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("authority", String.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("file", String.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("ref", String.class),
	new ObjectStreamField("hashCode", int.class), };

	/**
	* WriteObject is called to save the state of the URL to an
	* ObjectOutputStream. The handler is not saved since it is
	* specific to this system.
	*
	* @serialData the default write object value. When read back in,
	* the reader must ensure that calling getURLStreamHandler with
	* the protocol variable returns a valid URLStreamHandler and
	* throw an IOException if it does not.
	*
	* @param s the {@code ObjectOutputStream} to which data is written
	* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
	*/
	@java.io.Serial
	private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
	throws IOException
	{
	s.defaultWriteObject(); // write the fields
	}

	/**
	* readObject is called to restore the state of the URL from the
	* stream. It reads the components of the URL and finds the local
	* stream handler.
	*
	* @param s the {@code ObjectInputStream} from which data is read
	* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
	* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a serialized class cannot be loaded
	*/
	@java.io.Serial
	private synchronized void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
	throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
	GetField gf = s.readFields();
	String protocol = (String)gf.get("protocol", null);
	if (getURLStreamHandler(protocol) == null) {
	throw new IOException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);
	}
	String host = (String)gf.get("host", null);
	int port = gf.get("port", -1);
	String authority = (String)gf.get("authority", null);
	String file = (String)gf.get("file", null);
	String ref = (String)gf.get("ref", null);
	int hashCode = gf.get("hashCode", -1);
	if (authority == null
	&& ((host != null && !host.isEmpty()) \|\| port != -1)) {
	if (host == null)
	host = "";
	authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
	}
	tempState = new UrlDeserializedState(protocol, host, port, authority,
	file, ref, hashCode);
	}

	/**
	* Replaces the de-serialized object with an URL object.
	*
	* @return a newly created object from deserialized data
	*
	* @throws ObjectStreamException if a new object replacing this
	* object could not be created
	*/
	@java.io.Serial
	private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {

	URLStreamHandler handler = null;
	// already been checked in readObject
	handler = getURLStreamHandler(tempState.getProtocol());

	URL replacementURL = null;
	if (isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler.getClass().getName())) {
	replacementURL = fabricateNewURL();
	} else {
	replacementURL = setDeserializedFields(handler);
	}
	return replacementURL;
	}

	private URL setDeserializedFields(URLStreamHandler handler) {
	URL replacementURL;
	String userInfo = null;
	String protocol = tempState.getProtocol();
	String host = tempState.getHost();
	int port = tempState.getPort();
	String authority = tempState.getAuthority();
	String file = tempState.getFile();
	String ref = tempState.getRef();
	int hashCode = tempState.getHashCode();


	// Construct authority part
	if (authority == null
	&& ((host != null && !host.isEmpty()) \|\| port != -1)) {
	if (host == null)
	host = "";
	authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;

	// Handle hosts with userInfo in them
	int at = host.lastIndexOf('@');
	if (at != -1) {
	userInfo = host.substring(0, at);
	host = host.substring(at+1);
	}
	} else if (authority != null) {
	// Construct user info part
	int ind = authority.indexOf('@');
	if (ind != -1)
	userInfo = authority.substring(0, ind);
	}

	// Construct path and query part
	String path = null;
	String query = null;
	if (file != null) {
	// Fix: only do this if hierarchical?
	int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');
	if (q != -1) {
	query = file.substring(q+1);
	path = file.substring(0, q);
	} else
	path = file;
	}

	// Set the object fields.
	this.protocol = protocol;
	this.host = host;
	this.port = port;
	this.file = file;
	this.authority = authority;
	this.ref = ref;
	this.hashCode = hashCode;
	this.handler = handler;
	this.query = query;
	this.path = path;
	this.userInfo = userInfo;
	replacementURL = this;
	return replacementURL;
	}

	private URL fabricateNewURL()
	throws InvalidObjectException {
	// create URL string from deserialized object
	URL replacementURL = null;
	String urlString = tempState.reconstituteUrlString();

	try {
	replacementURL = new URL(urlString);
	} catch (MalformedURLException mEx) {
	resetState();
	InvalidObjectException invoEx = new InvalidObjectException(
	"Malformed URL: " + urlString);
	invoEx.initCause(mEx);
	throw invoEx;
	}
	replacementURL.setSerializedHashCode(tempState.getHashCode());
	resetState();
	return replacementURL;
	}

	boolean isBuiltinStreamHandler(URLStreamHandler handler) {
	Class<?> handlerClass = handler.getClass();
	return isBuiltinStreamHandler(handlerClass.getName())
	\|\| VM.isSystemDomainLoader(handlerClass.getClassLoader());
	}

	private boolean isBuiltinStreamHandler(String handlerClassName) {
	return (handlerClassName.startsWith(BUILTIN_HANDLERS_PREFIX));
	}

	private void resetState() {
	this.protocol = null;
	this.host = null;
	this.port = -1;
	this.file = null;
	this.authority = null;
	this.ref = null;
	this.hashCode = -1;
	this.handler = null;
	this.query = null;
	this.path = null;
	this.userInfo = null;
	this.tempState = null;
	}

	private void setSerializedHashCode(int hc) {
	this.hashCode = hc;
	}

	static {
	SharedSecrets.setJavaNetURLAccess(
	new JavaNetURLAccess() {
	@Override
	public URLStreamHandler getHandler(URL u) {
	return u.handler;
	}
	}
	);
	}
	}

	final class UrlDeserializedState {
	private final String protocol;
	private final String host;
	private final int port;
	private final String authority;
	private final String file;
	private final String ref;
	private final int hashCode;

	public UrlDeserializedState(String protocol,
	String host, int port,
	String authority, String file,
	String ref, int hashCode) {
	this.protocol = protocol;
	this.host = host;
	this.port = port;
	this.authority = authority;
	this.file = file;
	this.ref = ref;
	this.hashCode = hashCode;
	}

	String getProtocol() {
	return protocol;
	}

	String getHost() {
	return host;
	}

	String getAuthority () {
	return authority;
	}

	int getPort() {
	return port;
	}

	String getFile () {
	return file;
	}

	String getRef () {
	return ref;
	}

	int getHashCode () {
	return hashCode;
	}

	String reconstituteUrlString() {

	// pre-compute length of StringBuffer
	int len = protocol.length() + 1;
	if (authority != null && !authority.isEmpty())
	len += 2 + authority.length();
	if (file != null) {
	len += file.length();
	}
	if (ref != null)
	len += 1 + ref.length();
	StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(len);
	result.append(protocol);
	result.append(":");
	if (authority != null && !authority.isEmpty()) {
	result.append("//");
	result.append(authority);
	}
	if (file != null) {
	result.append(file);
	}
	if (ref != null) {
	result.append("#");
	result.append(ref);
	}
	return result.toString();
	}
	}

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