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	/*
	* Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/


	package java.util.logging;

	import java.io.*;
	import java.util.*;
	import java.security.*;
	import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
	import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
	import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
	import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
	import java.lang.reflect.Method;
	import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
	import sun.misc.JavaAWTAccess;
	import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;

	/**
	* There is a single global LogManager object that is used to
	* maintain a set of shared state about Loggers and log services.
	* <p>
	* This LogManager object:
	* <ul>
	* <li> Manages a hierarchical namespace of Logger objects. All
	* named Loggers are stored in this namespace.
	* <li> Manages a set of logging control properties. These are
	* simple key-value pairs that can be used by Handlers and
	* other logging objects to configure themselves.
	* </ul>
	* <p>
	* The global LogManager object can be retrieved using LogManager.getLogManager().
	* The LogManager object is created during class initialization and
	* cannot subsequently be changed.
	* <p>
	* At startup the LogManager class is located using the
	* java.util.logging.manager system property.
	* <p>
	* The LogManager defines two optional system properties that allow control over
	* the initial configuration:
	* <ul>
	* <li>"java.util.logging.config.class"
	* <li>"java.util.logging.config.file"
	* </ul>
	* These two properties may be specified on the command line to the "java"
	* command, or as system property definitions passed to JNI_CreateJavaVM.
	* <p>
	* If the "java.util.logging.config.class" property is set, then the
	* property value is treated as a class name. The given class will be
	* loaded, an object will be instantiated, and that object's constructor
	* is responsible for reading in the initial configuration. (That object
	* may use other system properties to control its configuration.) The
	* alternate configuration class can use <tt>readConfiguration(InputStream)</tt>
	* to define properties in the LogManager.
	* <p>
	* If "java.util.logging.config.class" property is <b>not</b> set,
	* then the "java.util.logging.config.file" system property can be used
	* to specify a properties file (in java.util.Properties format). The
	* initial logging configuration will be read from this file.
	* <p>
	* If neither of these properties is defined then the LogManager uses its
	* default configuration. The default configuration is typically loaded from the
	* properties file "{@code lib/logging.properties}" in the Java installation
	* directory.
	* <p>
	* The properties for loggers and Handlers will have names starting
	* with the dot-separated name for the handler or logger.
	* <p>
	* The global logging properties may include:
	* <ul>
	* <li>A property "handlers". This defines a whitespace or comma separated
	* list of class names for handler classes to load and register as
	* handlers on the root Logger (the Logger named ""). Each class
	* name must be for a Handler class which has a default constructor.
	* Note that these Handlers may be created lazily, when they are
	* first used.
	*
	* <li>A property "<logger>.handlers". This defines a whitespace or
	* comma separated list of class names for handlers classes to
	* load and register as handlers to the specified logger. Each class
	* name must be for a Handler class which has a default constructor.
	* Note that these Handlers may be created lazily, when they are
	* first used.
	*
	* <li>A property "<logger>.useParentHandlers". This defines a boolean
	* value. By default every logger calls its parent in addition to
	* handling the logging message itself, this often result in messages
	* being handled by the root logger as well. When setting this property
	* to false a Handler needs to be configured for this logger otherwise
	* no logging messages are delivered.
	*
	* <li>A property "config". This property is intended to allow
	* arbitrary configuration code to be run. The property defines a
	* whitespace or comma separated list of class names. A new instance will be
	* created for each named class. The default constructor of each class
	* may execute arbitrary code to update the logging configuration, such as
	* setting logger levels, adding handlers, adding filters, etc.
	* </ul>
	* <p>
	* Note that all classes loaded during LogManager configuration are
	* first searched on the system class path before any user class path.
	* That includes the LogManager class, any config classes, and any
	* handler classes.
	* <p>
	* Loggers are organized into a naming hierarchy based on their
	* dot separated names. Thus "a.b.c" is a child of "a.b", but
	* "a.b1" and a.b2" are peers.
	* <p>
	* All properties whose names end with ".level" are assumed to define
	* log levels for Loggers. Thus "foo.level" defines a log level for
	* the logger called "foo" and (recursively) for any of its children
	* in the naming hierarchy. Log Levels are applied in the order they
	* are defined in the properties file. Thus level settings for child
	* nodes in the tree should come after settings for their parents.
	* The property name ".level" can be used to set the level for the
	* root of the tree.
	* <p>
	* All methods on the LogManager object are multi-thread safe.
	*
	* @since 1.4
	*/

	public class LogManager {
	// The global LogManager object
	private static final LogManager manager;

	// 'props' is assigned within a lock but accessed without it.
	// Declaring it volatile makes sure that another thread will not
	// be able to see a partially constructed 'props' object.
	// (seeing a partially constructed 'props' object can result in
	// NPE being thrown in Hashtable.get(), because it leaves the door
	// open for props.getProperties() to be called before the construcor
	// of Hashtable is actually completed).
	private volatile Properties props = new Properties();
	private final static Level defaultLevel = Level.INFO;

	// The map of the registered listeners. The map value is the registration
	// count to allow for cases where the same listener is registered many times.
	private final Map<Object,Integer> listenerMap = new HashMap<>();

	// LoggerContext for system loggers and user loggers
	private final LoggerContext systemContext = new SystemLoggerContext();
	private final LoggerContext userContext = new LoggerContext();
	// non final field - make it volatile to make sure that other threads
	// will see the new value once ensureLogManagerInitialized() has finished
	// executing.
	private volatile Logger rootLogger;
	// Have we done the primordial reading of the configuration file?
	// (Must be done after a suitable amount of java.lang.System
	// initialization has been done)
	private volatile boolean readPrimordialConfiguration;
	// Have we initialized global (root) handlers yet?
	// This gets set to false in readConfiguration
	private boolean initializedGlobalHandlers = true;
	// True if JVM death is imminent and the exit hook has been called.
	private boolean deathImminent;

	static {
	manager = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<LogManager>() {
	@Override
	public LogManager run() {
	LogManager mgr = null;
	String cname = null;
	try {
	cname = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.manager");
	if (cname != null) {
	try {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
	.loadClass(cname);
	mgr = (LogManager) clz.newInstance();
	} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
	Class<?> clz = Thread.currentThread()
	.getContextClassLoader().loadClass(cname);
	mgr = (LogManager) clz.newInstance();
	}
	}
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	System.err.println("Could not load Logmanager \"" + cname + "\"");
	ex.printStackTrace();
	}
	if (mgr == null) {
	mgr = new LogManager();
	}
	return mgr;

	}
	});
	}


	// This private class is used as a shutdown hook.
	// It does a "reset" to close all open handlers.
	private class Cleaner extends Thread {

	private Cleaner() {
	/* Set context class loader to null in order to avoid
	* keeping a strong reference to an application classloader.
	*/
	this.setContextClassLoader(null);
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
	// This is to ensure the LogManager.<clinit> is completed
	// before synchronized block. Otherwise deadlocks are possible.
	LogManager mgr = manager;

	// If the global handlers haven't been initialized yet, we
	// don't want to initialize them just so we can close them!
	synchronized (LogManager.this) {
	// Note that death is imminent.
	deathImminent = true;
	initializedGlobalHandlers = true;
	}

	// Do a reset to close all active handlers.
	reset();
	}
	}


	/**
	* Protected constructor. This is protected so that container applications
	* (such as J2EE containers) can subclass the object. It is non-public as
	* it is intended that there only be one LogManager object, whose value is
	* retrieved by calling LogManager.getLogManager.
	*/
	protected LogManager() {
	this(checkSubclassPermissions());
	}

	private LogManager(Void checked) {

	// Add a shutdown hook to close the global handlers.
	try {
	Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Cleaner());
	} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
	// If the VM is already shutting down,
	// We do not need to register shutdownHook.
	}
	}

	private static Void checkSubclassPermissions() {
	final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm != null) {
	// These permission will be checked in the LogManager constructor,
	// in order to register the Cleaner() thread as a shutdown hook.
	// Check them here to avoid the penalty of constructing the object
	// etc...
	sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks"));
	sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader"));
	}
	return null;
	}

	/**
	* Lazy initialization: if this instance of manager is the global
	* manager then this method will read the initial configuration and
	* add the root logger and global logger by calling addLogger().
	*
	* Note that it is subtly different from what we do in LoggerContext.
	* In LoggerContext we're patching up the logger context tree in order to add
	* the root and global logger to the context tree.
	*
	* For this to work, addLogger() must have already have been called
	* once on the LogManager instance for the default logger being
	* added.
	*
	* This is why ensureLogManagerInitialized() needs to be called before
	* any logger is added to any logger context.
	*
	*/
	private boolean initializedCalled = false;
	private volatile boolean initializationDone = false;
	final void ensureLogManagerInitialized() {
	final LogManager owner = this;
	if (initializationDone \|\| owner != manager) {
	// we don't want to do this twice, and we don't want to do
	// this on private manager instances.
	return;
	}

	// Maybe another thread has called ensureLogManagerInitialized()
	// before us and is still executing it. If so we will block until
	// the log manager has finished initialized, then acquire the monitor,
	// notice that initializationDone is now true and return.
	// Otherwise - we have come here first! We will acquire the monitor,
	// see that initializationDone is still false, and perform the
	// initialization.
	//
	synchronized(this) {
	// If initializedCalled is true it means that we're already in
	// the process of initializing the LogManager in this thread.
	// There has been a recursive call to ensureLogManagerInitialized().
	final boolean isRecursiveInitialization = (initializedCalled == true);

	assert initializedCalled \|\| !initializationDone
	: "Initialization can't be done if initialized has not been called!";

	if (isRecursiveInitialization \|\| initializationDone) {
	// If isRecursiveInitialization is true it means that we're
	// already in the process of initializing the LogManager in
	// this thread. There has been a recursive call to
	// ensureLogManagerInitialized(). We should not proceed as
	// it would lead to infinite recursion.
	//
	// If initializationDone is true then it means the manager
	// has finished initializing; just return: we're done.
	return;
	}
	// Calling addLogger below will in turn call requiresDefaultLogger()
	// which will call ensureLogManagerInitialized().
	// We use initializedCalled to break the recursion.
	initializedCalled = true;
	try {
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
	@Override
	public Object run() {
	assert rootLogger == null;
	assert initializedCalled && !initializationDone;

	// Read configuration.
	owner.readPrimordialConfiguration();

	// Create and retain Logger for the root of the namespace.
	owner.rootLogger = owner.new RootLogger();
	owner.addLogger(owner.rootLogger);
	if (!owner.rootLogger.isLevelInitialized()) {
	owner.rootLogger.setLevel(defaultLevel);
	}

	// Adding the global Logger.
	// Do not call Logger.getGlobal() here as this might trigger
	// subtle inter-dependency issues.
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	final Logger global = Logger.global;

	// Make sure the global logger will be registered in the
	// global manager
	owner.addLogger(global);
	return null;
	}
	});
	} finally {
	initializationDone = true;
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns the global LogManager object.
	* @return the global LogManager object
	*/
	public static LogManager getLogManager() {
	if (manager != null) {
	manager.ensureLogManagerInitialized();
	}
	return manager;
	}

	private void readPrimordialConfiguration() {
	if (!readPrimordialConfiguration) {
	synchronized (this) {
	if (!readPrimordialConfiguration) {
	// If System.in/out/err are null, it's a good
	// indication that we're still in the
	// bootstrapping phase
	if (System.out == null) {
	return;
	}
	readPrimordialConfiguration = true;

	try {
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Void>() {
	@Override
	public Void run() throws Exception {
	readConfiguration();

	// Platform loggers begin to delegate to java.util.logging.Logger
	sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger.redirectPlatformLoggers();
	return null;
	}
	});
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	assert false : "Exception raised while reading logging configuration: " + ex;
	}
	}
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Adds an event listener to be invoked when the logging
	* properties are re-read. Adding multiple instances of
	* the same event Listener results in multiple entries
	* in the property event listener table.
	*
	* <p><b>WARNING:</b> This method is omitted from this class in all subset
	* Profiles of Java SE that do not include the {@code java.beans} package.
	* </p>
	*
	* @param l event listener
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	* @exception NullPointerException if the PropertyChangeListener is null.
	* @deprecated The dependency on {@code PropertyChangeListener} creates a
	* significant impediment to future modularization of the Java
	* platform. This method will be removed in a future release.
	* The global {@code LogManager} can detect changes to the
	* logging configuration by overridding the {@link
	* #readConfiguration readConfiguration} method.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener l) throws SecurityException {
	PropertyChangeListener listener = Objects.requireNonNull(l);
	checkPermission();
	synchronized (listenerMap) {
	// increment the registration count if already registered
	Integer value = listenerMap.get(listener);
	value = (value == null) ? 1 : (value + 1);
	listenerMap.put(listener, value);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Removes an event listener for property change events.
	* If the same listener instance has been added to the listener table
	* through multiple invocations of <CODE>addPropertyChangeListener</CODE>,
	* then an equivalent number of
	* <CODE>removePropertyChangeListener</CODE> invocations are required to remove
	* all instances of that listener from the listener table.
	* <P>
	* Returns silently if the given listener is not found.
	*
	* <p><b>WARNING:</b> This method is omitted from this class in all subset
	* Profiles of Java SE that do not include the {@code java.beans} package.
	* </p>
	*
	* @param l event listener (can be null)
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	* @deprecated The dependency on {@code PropertyChangeListener} creates a
	* significant impediment to future modularization of the Java
	* platform. This method will be removed in a future release.
	* The global {@code LogManager} can detect changes to the
	* logging configuration by overridding the {@link
	* #readConfiguration readConfiguration} method.
	*/
	@Deprecated
	public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener l) throws SecurityException {
	checkPermission();
	if (l != null) {
	PropertyChangeListener listener = l;
	synchronized (listenerMap) {
	Integer value = listenerMap.get(listener);
	if (value != null) {
	// remove from map if registration count is 1, otherwise
	// just decrement its count
	int i = value.intValue();
	if (i == 1) {
	listenerMap.remove(listener);
	} else {
	assert i > 1;
	listenerMap.put(listener, i - 1);
	}
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// LoggerContext maps from AppContext
	private WeakHashMap<Object, LoggerContext> contextsMap = null;

	// Returns the LoggerContext for the user code (i.e. application or AppContext).
	// Loggers are isolated from each AppContext.
	private LoggerContext getUserContext() {
	LoggerContext context = null;

	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	JavaAWTAccess javaAwtAccess = SharedSecrets.getJavaAWTAccess();
	if (sm != null && javaAwtAccess != null) {
	// for each applet, it has its own LoggerContext isolated from others
	final Object ecx = javaAwtAccess.getAppletContext();
	if (ecx != null) {
	synchronized (javaAwtAccess) {
	// find the AppContext of the applet code
	// will be null if we are in the main app context.
	if (contextsMap == null) {
	contextsMap = new WeakHashMap<>();
	}
	context = contextsMap.get(ecx);
	if (context == null) {
	// Create a new LoggerContext for the applet.
	context = new LoggerContext();
	contextsMap.put(ecx, context);
	}
	}
	}
	}
	// for standalone app, return userContext
	return context != null ? context : userContext;
	}

	// The system context.
	final LoggerContext getSystemContext() {
	return systemContext;
	}

	private List<LoggerContext> contexts() {
	List<LoggerContext> cxs = new ArrayList<>();
	cxs.add(getSystemContext());
	cxs.add(getUserContext());
	return cxs;
	}

	// Find or create a specified logger instance. If a logger has
	// already been created with the given name it is returned.
	// Otherwise a new logger instance is created and registered
	// in the LogManager global namespace.
	// This method will always return a non-null Logger object.
	// Synchronization is not required here. All synchronization for
	// adding a new Logger object is handled by addLogger().
	//
	// This method must delegate to the LogManager implementation to
	// add a new Logger or return the one that has been added previously
	// as a LogManager subclass may override the addLogger, getLogger,
	// readConfiguration, and other methods.
	Logger demandLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName, Class<?> caller) {
	Logger result = getLogger(name);
	if (result == null) {
	// only allocate the new logger once
	Logger newLogger = new Logger(name, resourceBundleName, caller, this, false);
	do {
	if (addLogger(newLogger)) {
	// We successfully added the new Logger that we
	// created above so return it without refetching.
	return newLogger;
	}

	// We didn't add the new Logger that we created above
	// because another thread added a Logger with the same
	// name after our null check above and before our call
	// to addLogger(). We have to refetch the Logger because
	// addLogger() returns a boolean instead of the Logger
	// reference itself. However, if the thread that created
	// the other Logger is not holding a strong reference to
	// the other Logger, then it is possible for the other
	// Logger to be GC'ed after we saw it in addLogger() and
	// before we can refetch it. If it has been GC'ed then
	// we'll just loop around and try again.
	result = getLogger(name);
	} while (result == null);
	}
	return result;
	}

	Logger demandSystemLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName) {
	// Add a system logger in the system context's namespace
	final Logger sysLogger = getSystemContext().demandLogger(name, resourceBundleName);

	// Add the system logger to the LogManager's namespace if not exist
	// so that there is only one single logger of the given name.
	// System loggers are visible to applications unless a logger of
	// the same name has been added.
	Logger logger;
	do {
	// First attempt to call addLogger instead of getLogger
	// This would avoid potential bug in custom LogManager.getLogger
	// implementation that adds a logger if does not exist
	if (addLogger(sysLogger)) {
	// successfully added the new system logger
	logger = sysLogger;
	} else {
	logger = getLogger(name);
	}
	} while (logger == null);

	// LogManager will set the sysLogger's handlers via LogManager.addLogger method.
	if (logger != sysLogger && sysLogger.accessCheckedHandlers().length == 0) {
	// if logger already exists but handlers not set
	final Logger l = logger;
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
	@Override
	public Void run() {
	for (Handler hdl : l.accessCheckedHandlers()) {
	sysLogger.addHandler(hdl);
	}
	return null;
	}
	});
	}
	return sysLogger;
	}

	// LoggerContext maintains the logger namespace per context.
	// The default LogManager implementation has one system context and user
	// context. The system context is used to maintain the namespace for
	// all system loggers and is queried by the system code. If a system logger
	// doesn't exist in the user context, it'll also be added to the user context.
	// The user context is queried by the user code and all other loggers are
	// added in the user context.
	class LoggerContext {
	// Table of named Loggers that maps names to Loggers.
	private final Hashtable<String,LoggerWeakRef> namedLoggers = new Hashtable<>();
	// Tree of named Loggers
	private final LogNode root;
	private LoggerContext() {
	this.root = new LogNode(null, this);
	}


	// Tells whether default loggers are required in this context.
	// If true, the default loggers will be lazily added.
	final boolean requiresDefaultLoggers() {
	final boolean requiresDefaultLoggers = (getOwner() == manager);
	if (requiresDefaultLoggers) {
	getOwner().ensureLogManagerInitialized();
	}
	return requiresDefaultLoggers;
	}

	// This context's LogManager.
	final LogManager getOwner() {
	return LogManager.this;
	}

	// This context owner's root logger, which if not null, and if
	// the context requires default loggers, will be added to the context
	// logger's tree.
	final Logger getRootLogger() {
	return getOwner().rootLogger;
	}

	// The global logger, which if not null, and if
	// the context requires default loggers, will be added to the context
	// logger's tree.
	final Logger getGlobalLogger() {
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecated") // avoids initialization cycles.
	final Logger global = Logger.global;
	return global;
	}

	Logger demandLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName) {
	// a LogManager subclass may have its own implementation to add and
	// get a Logger. So delegate to the LogManager to do the work.
	final LogManager owner = getOwner();
	return owner.demandLogger(name, resourceBundleName, null);
	}


	// Due to subtle deadlock issues getUserContext() no longer
	// calls addLocalLogger(rootLogger);
	// Therefore - we need to add the default loggers later on.
	// Checks that the context is properly initialized
	// This is necessary before calling e.g. find(name)
	// or getLoggerNames()
	//
	private void ensureInitialized() {
	if (requiresDefaultLoggers()) {
	// Ensure that the root and global loggers are set.
	ensureDefaultLogger(getRootLogger());
	ensureDefaultLogger(getGlobalLogger());
	}
	}


	synchronized Logger findLogger(String name) {
	// ensure that this context is properly initialized before
	// looking for loggers.
	ensureInitialized();
	LoggerWeakRef ref = namedLoggers.get(name);
	if (ref == null) {
	return null;
	}
	Logger logger = ref.get();
	if (logger == null) {
	// Hashtable holds stale weak reference
	// to a logger which has been GC-ed.
	ref.dispose();
	}
	return logger;
	}

	// This method is called before adding a logger to the
	// context.
	// 'logger' is the context that will be added.
	// This method will ensure that the defaults loggers are added
	// before adding 'logger'.
	//
	private void ensureAllDefaultLoggers(Logger logger) {
	if (requiresDefaultLoggers()) {
	final String name = logger.getName();
	if (!name.isEmpty()) {
	ensureDefaultLogger(getRootLogger());
	if (!Logger.GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME.equals(name)) {
	ensureDefaultLogger(getGlobalLogger());
	}
	}
	}
	}

	private void ensureDefaultLogger(Logger logger) {
	// Used for lazy addition of root logger and global logger
	// to a LoggerContext.

	// This check is simple sanity: we do not want that this
	// method be called for anything else than Logger.global
	// or owner.rootLogger.
	if (!requiresDefaultLoggers() \|\| logger == null
	\|\| logger != Logger.global && logger != LogManager.this.rootLogger) {

	// the case where we have a non null logger which is neither
	// Logger.global nor manager.rootLogger indicates a serious
	// issue - as ensureDefaultLogger should never be called
	// with any other loggers than one of these two (or null - if
	// e.g manager.rootLogger is not yet initialized)...
	assert logger == null;

	return;
	}

	// Adds the logger if it's not already there.
	if (!namedLoggers.containsKey(logger.getName())) {
	// It is important to prevent addLocalLogger to
	// call ensureAllDefaultLoggers when we're in the process
	// off adding one of those default loggers - as this would
	// immediately cause a stack overflow.
	// Therefore we must pass addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded=false,
	// even if requiresDefaultLoggers is true.
	addLocalLogger(logger, false);
	}
	}

	boolean addLocalLogger(Logger logger) {
	// no need to add default loggers if it's not required
	return addLocalLogger(logger, requiresDefaultLoggers());
	}

	// Add a logger to this context. This method will only set its level
	// and process parent loggers. It doesn't set its handlers.
	synchronized boolean addLocalLogger(Logger logger, boolean addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded) {
	// addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded serves to break recursion when adding
	// default loggers. If we're adding one of the default loggers
	// (we're being called from ensureDefaultLogger()) then
	// addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded will be false: we don't want to
	// call ensureAllDefaultLoggers again.
	//
	// Note: addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded can also be false when
	// requiresDefaultLoggers is false - since calling
	// ensureAllDefaultLoggers would have no effect in this case.
	if (addDefaultLoggersIfNeeded) {
	ensureAllDefaultLoggers(logger);
	}

	final String name = logger.getName();
	if (name == null) {
	throw new NullPointerException();
	}
	LoggerWeakRef ref = namedLoggers.get(name);
	if (ref != null) {
	if (ref.get() == null) {
	// It's possible that the Logger was GC'ed after a
	// drainLoggerRefQueueBounded() call above so allow
	// a new one to be registered.
	ref.dispose();
	} else {
	// We already have a registered logger with the given name.
	return false;
	}
	}

	// We're adding a new logger.
	// Note that we are creating a weak reference here.
	final LogManager owner = getOwner();
	logger.setLogManager(owner);
	ref = owner.new LoggerWeakRef(logger);
	namedLoggers.put(name, ref);

	// Apply any initial level defined for the new logger, unless
	// the logger's level is already initialized
	Level level = owner.getLevelProperty(name + ".level", null);
	if (level != null && !logger.isLevelInitialized()) {
	doSetLevel(logger, level);
	}

	// instantiation of the handler is done in the LogManager.addLogger
	// implementation as a handler class may be only visible to LogManager
	// subclass for the custom log manager case
	processParentHandlers(logger, name);

	// Find the new node and its parent.
	LogNode node = getNode(name);
	node.loggerRef = ref;
	Logger parent = null;
	LogNode nodep = node.parent;
	while (nodep != null) {
	LoggerWeakRef nodeRef = nodep.loggerRef;
	if (nodeRef != null) {
	parent = nodeRef.get();
	if (parent != null) {
	break;
	}
	}
	nodep = nodep.parent;
	}

	if (parent != null) {
	doSetParent(logger, parent);
	}
	// Walk over the children and tell them we are their new parent.
	node.walkAndSetParent(logger);
	// new LogNode is ready so tell the LoggerWeakRef about it
	ref.setNode(node);
	return true;
	}

	synchronized void removeLoggerRef(String name, LoggerWeakRef ref) {
	namedLoggers.remove(name, ref);
	}

	synchronized Enumeration<String> getLoggerNames() {
	// ensure that this context is properly initialized before
	// returning logger names.
	ensureInitialized();
	return namedLoggers.keys();
	}

	// If logger.getUseParentHandlers() returns 'true' and any of the logger's
	// parents have levels or handlers defined, make sure they are instantiated.
	private void processParentHandlers(final Logger logger, final String name) {
	final LogManager owner = getOwner();
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
	@Override
	public Void run() {
	if (logger != owner.rootLogger) {
	boolean useParent = owner.getBooleanProperty(name + ".useParentHandlers", true);
	if (!useParent) {
	logger.setUseParentHandlers(false);
	}
	}
	return null;
	}
	});

	int ix = 1;
	for (;;) {
	int ix2 = name.indexOf(".", ix);
	if (ix2 < 0) {
	break;
	}
	String pname = name.substring(0, ix2);
	if (owner.getProperty(pname + ".level") != null \|\|
	owner.getProperty(pname + ".handlers") != null) {
	// This pname has a level/handlers definition.
	// Make sure it exists.
	demandLogger(pname, null);
	}
	ix = ix2+1;
	}
	}

	// Gets a node in our tree of logger nodes.
	// If necessary, create it.
	LogNode getNode(String name) {
	if (name == null \|\| name.equals("")) {
	return root;
	}
	LogNode node = root;
	while (name.length() > 0) {
	int ix = name.indexOf(".");
	String head;
	if (ix > 0) {
	head = name.substring(0, ix);
	name = name.substring(ix + 1);
	} else {
	head = name;
	name = "";
	}
	if (node.children == null) {
	node.children = new HashMap<>();
	}
	LogNode child = node.children.get(head);
	if (child == null) {
	child = new LogNode(node, this);
	node.children.put(head, child);
	}
	node = child;
	}
	return node;
	}
	}

	final class SystemLoggerContext extends LoggerContext {
	// Add a system logger in the system context's namespace as well as
	// in the LogManager's namespace if not exist so that there is only
	// one single logger of the given name. System loggers are visible
	// to applications unless a logger of the same name has been added.
	@Override
	Logger demandLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName) {
	Logger result = findLogger(name);
	if (result == null) {
	// only allocate the new system logger once
	Logger newLogger = new Logger(name, resourceBundleName, null, getOwner(), true);
	do {
	if (addLocalLogger(newLogger)) {
	// We successfully added the new Logger that we
	// created above so return it without refetching.
	result = newLogger;
	} else {
	// We didn't add the new Logger that we created above
	// because another thread added a Logger with the same
	// name after our null check above and before our call
	// to addLogger(). We have to refetch the Logger because
	// addLogger() returns a boolean instead of the Logger
	// reference itself. However, if the thread that created
	// the other Logger is not holding a strong reference to
	// the other Logger, then it is possible for the other
	// Logger to be GC'ed after we saw it in addLogger() and
	// before we can refetch it. If it has been GC'ed then
	// we'll just loop around and try again.
	result = findLogger(name);
	}
	} while (result == null);
	}
	return result;
	}
	}

	// Add new per logger handlers.
	// We need to raise privilege here. All our decisions will
	// be made based on the logging configuration, which can
	// only be modified by trusted code.
	private void loadLoggerHandlers(final Logger logger, final String name,
	final String handlersPropertyName)
	{
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
	@Override
	public Object run() {
	String names[] = parseClassNames(handlersPropertyName);
	for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
	String word = names[i];
	try {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
	Handler hdl = (Handler) clz.newInstance();
	// Check if there is a property defining the
	// this handler's level.
	String levs = getProperty(word + ".level");
	if (levs != null) {
	Level l = Level.findLevel(levs);
	if (l != null) {
	hdl.setLevel(l);
	} else {
	// Probably a bad level. Drop through.
	System.err.println("Can't set level for " + word);
	}
	}
	// Add this Handler to the logger
	logger.addHandler(hdl);
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	System.err.println("Can't load log handler \"" + word + "\"");
	System.err.println("" + ex);
	ex.printStackTrace();
	}
	}
	return null;
	}
	});
	}


	// loggerRefQueue holds LoggerWeakRef objects for Logger objects
	// that have been GC'ed.
	private final ReferenceQueue<Logger> loggerRefQueue
	= new ReferenceQueue<>();

	// Package-level inner class.
	// Helper class for managing WeakReferences to Logger objects.
	//
	// LogManager.namedLoggers
	// - has weak references to all named Loggers
	// - namedLoggers keeps the LoggerWeakRef objects for the named
	// Loggers around until we can deal with the book keeping for
	// the named Logger that is being GC'ed.
	// LogManager.LogNode.loggerRef
	// - has a weak reference to a named Logger
	// - the LogNode will also keep the LoggerWeakRef objects for
	// the named Loggers around; currently LogNodes never go away.
	// Logger.kids
	// - has a weak reference to each direct child Logger; this
	// includes anonymous and named Loggers
	// - anonymous Loggers are always children of the rootLogger
	// which is a strong reference; rootLogger.kids keeps the
	// LoggerWeakRef objects for the anonymous Loggers around
	// until we can deal with the book keeping.
	//
	final class LoggerWeakRef extends WeakReference<Logger> {
	private String name; // for namedLoggers cleanup
	private LogNode node; // for loggerRef cleanup
	private WeakReference<Logger> parentRef; // for kids cleanup
	private boolean disposed = false; // avoid calling dispose twice

	LoggerWeakRef(Logger logger) {
	super(logger, loggerRefQueue);

	name = logger.getName(); // save for namedLoggers cleanup
	}

	// dispose of this LoggerWeakRef object
	void dispose() {
	// Avoid calling dispose twice. When a Logger is gc'ed, its
	// LoggerWeakRef will be enqueued.
	// However, a new logger of the same name may be added (or looked
	// up) before the queue is drained. When that happens, dispose()
	// will be called by addLocalLogger() or findLogger().
	// Later when the queue is drained, dispose() will be called again
	// for the same LoggerWeakRef. Marking LoggerWeakRef as disposed
	// avoids processing the data twice (even though the code should
	// now be reentrant).
	synchronized(this) {
	// Note to maintainers:
	// Be careful not to call any method that tries to acquire
	// another lock from within this block - as this would surely
	// lead to deadlocks, given that dispose() can be called by
	// multiple threads, and from within different synchronized
	// methods/blocks.
	if (disposed) return;
	disposed = true;
	}

	final LogNode n = node;
	if (n != null) {
	// n.loggerRef can only be safely modified from within
	// a lock on LoggerContext. removeLoggerRef is already
	// synchronized on LoggerContext so calling
	// n.context.removeLoggerRef from within this lock is safe.
	synchronized (n.context) {
	// if we have a LogNode, then we were a named Logger
	// so clear namedLoggers weak ref to us
	n.context.removeLoggerRef(name, this);
	name = null; // clear our ref to the Logger's name

	// LogNode may have been reused - so only clear
	// LogNode.loggerRef if LogNode.loggerRef == this
	if (n.loggerRef == this) {
	n.loggerRef = null; // clear LogNode's weak ref to us
	}
	node = null; // clear our ref to LogNode
	}
	}

	if (parentRef != null) {
	// this LoggerWeakRef has or had a parent Logger
	Logger parent = parentRef.get();
	if (parent != null) {
	// the parent Logger is still there so clear the
	// parent Logger's weak ref to us
	parent.removeChildLogger(this);
	}
	parentRef = null; // clear our weak ref to the parent Logger
	}
	}

	// set the node field to the specified value
	void setNode(LogNode node) {
	this.node = node;
	}

	// set the parentRef field to the specified value
	void setParentRef(WeakReference<Logger> parentRef) {
	this.parentRef = parentRef;
	}
	}

	// Package-level method.
	// Drain some Logger objects that have been GC'ed.
	//
	// drainLoggerRefQueueBounded() is called by addLogger() below
	// and by Logger.getAnonymousLogger(String) so we'll drain up to
	// MAX_ITERATIONS GC'ed Loggers for every Logger we add.
	//
	// On a WinXP VMware client, a MAX_ITERATIONS value of 400 gives
	// us about a 50/50 mix in increased weak ref counts versus
	// decreased weak ref counts in the AnonLoggerWeakRefLeak test.
	// Here are stats for cleaning up sets of 400 anonymous Loggers:
	// - test duration 1 minute
	// - sample size of 125 sets of 400
	// - average: 1.99 ms
	// - minimum: 0.57 ms
	// - maximum: 25.3 ms
	//
	// The same config gives us a better decreased weak ref count
	// than increased weak ref count in the LoggerWeakRefLeak test.
	// Here are stats for cleaning up sets of 400 named Loggers:
	// - test duration 2 minutes
	// - sample size of 506 sets of 400
	// - average: 0.57 ms
	// - minimum: 0.02 ms
	// - maximum: 10.9 ms
	//
	private final static int MAX_ITERATIONS = 400;
	final void drainLoggerRefQueueBounded() {
	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++) {
	if (loggerRefQueue == null) {
	// haven't finished loading LogManager yet
	break;
	}

	LoggerWeakRef ref = (LoggerWeakRef) loggerRefQueue.poll();
	if (ref == null) {
	break;
	}
	// a Logger object has been GC'ed so clean it up
	ref.dispose();
	}
	}

	/**
	* Add a named logger. This does nothing and returns false if a logger
	* with the same name is already registered.
	* <p>
	* The Logger factory methods call this method to register each
	* newly created Logger.
	* <p>
	* The application should retain its own reference to the Logger
	* object to avoid it being garbage collected. The LogManager
	* may only retain a weak reference.
	*
	* @param logger the new logger.
	* @return true if the argument logger was registered successfully,
	* false if a logger of that name already exists.
	* @exception NullPointerException if the logger name is null.
	*/
	public boolean addLogger(Logger logger) {
	final String name = logger.getName();
	if (name == null) {
	throw new NullPointerException();
	}
	drainLoggerRefQueueBounded();
	LoggerContext cx = getUserContext();
	if (cx.addLocalLogger(logger)) {
	// Do we have a per logger handler too?
	// Note: this will add a 200ms penalty
	loadLoggerHandlers(logger, name, name + ".handlers");
	return true;
	} else {
	return false;
	}
	}

	// Private method to set a level on a logger.
	// If necessary, we raise privilege before doing the call.
	private static void doSetLevel(final Logger logger, final Level level) {
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm == null) {
	// There is no security manager, so things are easy.
	logger.setLevel(level);
	return;
	}
	// There is a security manager. Raise privilege before
	// calling setLevel.
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
	@Override
	public Object run() {
	logger.setLevel(level);
	return null;
	}});
	}

	// Private method to set a parent on a logger.
	// If necessary, we raise privilege before doing the setParent call.
	private static void doSetParent(final Logger logger, final Logger parent) {
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm == null) {
	// There is no security manager, so things are easy.
	logger.setParent(parent);
	return;
	}
	// There is a security manager. Raise privilege before
	// calling setParent.
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
	@Override
	public Object run() {
	logger.setParent(parent);
	return null;
	}});
	}

	/**
	* Method to find a named logger.
	* <p>
	* Note that since untrusted code may create loggers with
	* arbitrary names this method should not be relied on to
	* find Loggers for security sensitive logging.
	* It is also important to note that the Logger associated with the
	* String {@code name} may be garbage collected at any time if there
	* is no strong reference to the Logger. The caller of this method
	* must check the return value for null in order to properly handle
	* the case where the Logger has been garbage collected.
	* <p>
	* @param name name of the logger
	* @return matching logger or null if none is found
	*/
	public Logger getLogger(String name) {
	return getUserContext().findLogger(name);
	}

	/**
	* Get an enumeration of known logger names.
	* <p>
	* Note: Loggers may be added dynamically as new classes are loaded.
	* This method only reports on the loggers that are currently registered.
	* It is also important to note that this method only returns the name
	* of a Logger, not a strong reference to the Logger itself.
	* The returned String does nothing to prevent the Logger from being
	* garbage collected. In particular, if the returned name is passed
	* to {@code LogManager.getLogger()}, then the caller must check the
	* return value from {@code LogManager.getLogger()} for null to properly
	* handle the case where the Logger has been garbage collected in the
	* time since its name was returned by this method.
	* <p>
	* @return enumeration of logger name strings
	*/
	public Enumeration<String> getLoggerNames() {
	return getUserContext().getLoggerNames();
	}

	/**
	* Reinitialize the logging properties and reread the logging configuration.
	* <p>
	* The same rules are used for locating the configuration properties
	* as are used at startup. So normally the logging properties will
	* be re-read from the same file that was used at startup.
	* <P>
	* Any log level definitions in the new configuration file will be
	* applied using Logger.setLevel(), if the target Logger exists.
	* <p>
	* A PropertyChangeEvent will be fired after the properties are read.
	*
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	* @exception IOException if there are IO problems reading the configuration.
	*/
	public void readConfiguration() throws IOException, SecurityException {
	checkPermission();

	// if a configuration class is specified, load it and use it.
	String cname = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class");
	if (cname != null) {
	try {
	// Instantiate the named class. It is its constructor's
	// responsibility to initialize the logging configuration, by
	// calling readConfiguration(InputStream) with a suitable stream.
	try {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(cname);
	clz.newInstance();
	return;
	} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
	Class<?> clz = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(cname);
	clz.newInstance();
	return;
	}
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	System.err.println("Logging configuration class \"" + cname + "\" failed");
	System.err.println("" + ex);
	// keep going and useful config file.
	}
	}

	String fname = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file");
	if (fname == null) {
	fname = System.getProperty("java.home");
	if (fname == null) {
	throw new Error("Can't find java.home ??");
	}
	File f = new File(fname, "lib");
	f = new File(f, "logging.properties");
	fname = f.getCanonicalPath();
	}
	try (final InputStream in = new FileInputStream(fname)) {
	final BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(in);
	readConfiguration(bin);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Reset the logging configuration.
	* <p>
	* For all named loggers, the reset operation removes and closes
	* all Handlers and (except for the root logger) sets the level
	* to null. The root logger's level is set to Level.INFO.
	*
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	*/

	public void reset() throws SecurityException {
	checkPermission();
	synchronized (this) {
	props = new Properties();
	// Since we are doing a reset we no longer want to initialize
	// the global handlers, if they haven't been initialized yet.
	initializedGlobalHandlers = true;
	}
	for (LoggerContext cx : contexts()) {
	Enumeration<String> enum_ = cx.getLoggerNames();
	while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
	String name = enum_.nextElement();
	Logger logger = cx.findLogger(name);
	if (logger != null) {
	resetLogger(logger);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// Private method to reset an individual target logger.
	private void resetLogger(Logger logger) {
	// Close all the Logger's handlers.
	Handler[] targets = logger.getHandlers();
	for (int i = 0; i < targets.length; i++) {
	Handler h = targets[i];
	logger.removeHandler(h);
	try {
	h.close();
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	// Problems closing a handler? Keep going...
	}
	}
	String name = logger.getName();
	if (name != null && name.equals("")) {
	// This is the root logger.
	logger.setLevel(defaultLevel);
	} else {
	logger.setLevel(null);
	}
	}

	// get a list of whitespace separated classnames from a property.
	private String[] parseClassNames(String propertyName) {
	String hands = getProperty(propertyName);
	if (hands == null) {
	return new String[0];
	}
	hands = hands.trim();
	int ix = 0;
	final List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
	while (ix < hands.length()) {
	int end = ix;
	while (end < hands.length()) {
	if (Character.isWhitespace(hands.charAt(end))) {
	break;
	}
	if (hands.charAt(end) == ',') {
	break;
	}
	end++;
	}
	String word = hands.substring(ix, end);
	ix = end+1;
	word = word.trim();
	if (word.length() == 0) {
	continue;
	}
	result.add(word);
	}
	return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
	}

	/**
	* Reinitialize the logging properties and reread the logging configuration
	* from the given stream, which should be in java.util.Properties format.
	* A PropertyChangeEvent will be fired after the properties are read.
	* <p>
	* Any log level definitions in the new configuration file will be
	* applied using Logger.setLevel(), if the target Logger exists.
	*
	* @param ins stream to read properties from
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	* @exception IOException if there are problems reading from the stream.
	*/
	public void readConfiguration(InputStream ins) throws IOException, SecurityException {
	checkPermission();
	reset();

	// Load the properties
	props.load(ins);
	// Instantiate new configuration objects.
	String names[] = parseClassNames("config");

	for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
	String word = names[i];
	try {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
	clz.newInstance();
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	System.err.println("Can't load config class \"" + word + "\"");
	System.err.println("" + ex);
	// ex.printStackTrace();
	}
	}

	// Set levels on any pre-existing loggers, based on the new properties.
	setLevelsOnExistingLoggers();

	// Notify any interested parties that our properties have changed.
	// We first take a copy of the listener map so that we aren't holding any
	// locks when calling the listeners.
	Map<Object,Integer> listeners = null;
	synchronized (listenerMap) {
	if (!listenerMap.isEmpty())
	listeners = new HashMap<>(listenerMap);
	}
	if (listeners != null) {
	assert Beans.isBeansPresent();
	Object ev = Beans.newPropertyChangeEvent(LogManager.class, null, null, null);
	for (Map.Entry<Object,Integer> entry : listeners.entrySet()) {
	Object listener = entry.getKey();
	int count = entry.getValue().intValue();
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
	Beans.invokePropertyChange(listener, ev);
	}
	}
	}


	// Note that we need to reinitialize global handles when
	// they are first referenced.
	synchronized (this) {
	initializedGlobalHandlers = false;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Get the value of a logging property.
	* The method returns null if the property is not found.
	* @param name property name
	* @return property value
	*/
	public String getProperty(String name) {
	return props.getProperty(name);
	}

	// Package private method to get a String property.
	// If the property is not defined we return the given
	// default value.
	String getStringProperty(String name, String defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	return defaultValue;
	}
	return val.trim();
	}

	// Package private method to get an integer property.
	// If the property is not defined or cannot be parsed
	// we return the given default value.
	int getIntProperty(String name, int defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	return defaultValue;
	}
	try {
	return Integer.parseInt(val.trim());
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	return defaultValue;
	}
	}

	// Package private method to get a boolean property.
	// If the property is not defined or cannot be parsed
	// we return the given default value.
	boolean getBooleanProperty(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	return defaultValue;
	}
	val = val.toLowerCase();
	if (val.equals("true") \|\| val.equals("1")) {
	return true;
	} else if (val.equals("false") \|\| val.equals("0")) {
	return false;
	}
	return defaultValue;
	}

	// Package private method to get a Level property.
	// If the property is not defined or cannot be parsed
	// we return the given default value.
	Level getLevelProperty(String name, Level defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	return defaultValue;
	}
	Level l = Level.findLevel(val.trim());
	return l != null ? l : defaultValue;
	}

	// Package private method to get a filter property.
	// We return an instance of the class named by the "name"
	// property. If the property is not defined or has problems
	// we return the defaultValue.
	Filter getFilterProperty(String name, Filter defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	try {
	if (val != null) {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(val);
	return (Filter) clz.newInstance();
	}
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	// We got one of a variety of exceptions in creating the
	// class or creating an instance.
	// Drop through.
	}
	// We got an exception. Return the defaultValue.
	return defaultValue;
	}


	// Package private method to get a formatter property.
	// We return an instance of the class named by the "name"
	// property. If the property is not defined or has problems
	// we return the defaultValue.
	Formatter getFormatterProperty(String name, Formatter defaultValue) {
	String val = getProperty(name);
	try {
	if (val != null) {
	Class<?> clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(val);
	return (Formatter) clz.newInstance();
	}
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	// We got one of a variety of exceptions in creating the
	// class or creating an instance.
	// Drop through.
	}
	// We got an exception. Return the defaultValue.
	return defaultValue;
	}

	// Private method to load the global handlers.
	// We do the real work lazily, when the global handlers
	// are first used.
	private synchronized void initializeGlobalHandlers() {
	if (initializedGlobalHandlers) {
	return;
	}

	initializedGlobalHandlers = true;

	if (deathImminent) {
	// Aaargh...
	// The VM is shutting down and our exit hook has been called.
	// Avoid allocating global handlers.
	return;
	}
	loadLoggerHandlers(rootLogger, null, "handlers");
	}

	private final Permission controlPermission = new LoggingPermission("control", null);

	void checkPermission() {
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm != null)
	sm.checkPermission(controlPermission);
	}

	/**
	* Check that the current context is trusted to modify the logging
	* configuration. This requires LoggingPermission("control").
	* <p>
	* If the check fails we throw a SecurityException, otherwise
	* we return normally.
	*
	* @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and if
	* the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
	*/
	public void checkAccess() throws SecurityException {
	checkPermission();
	}

	// Nested class to represent a node in our tree of named loggers.
	private static class LogNode {
	HashMap<String,LogNode> children;
	LoggerWeakRef loggerRef;
	LogNode parent;
	final LoggerContext context;

	LogNode(LogNode parent, LoggerContext context) {
	this.parent = parent;
	this.context = context;
	}

	// Recursive method to walk the tree below a node and set
	// a new parent logger.
	void walkAndSetParent(Logger parent) {
	if (children == null) {
	return;
	}
	Iterator<LogNode> values = children.values().iterator();
	while (values.hasNext()) {
	LogNode node = values.next();
	LoggerWeakRef ref = node.loggerRef;
	Logger logger = (ref == null) ? null : ref.get();
	if (logger == null) {
	node.walkAndSetParent(parent);
	} else {
	doSetParent(logger, parent);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// We use a subclass of Logger for the root logger, so
	// that we only instantiate the global handlers when they
	// are first needed.
	private final class RootLogger extends Logger {
	private RootLogger() {
	// We do not call the protected Logger two args constructor here,
	// to avoid calling LogManager.getLogManager() from within the
	// RootLogger constructor.
	super("", null, null, LogManager.this, true);
	}

	@Override
	public void log(LogRecord record) {
	// Make sure that the global handlers have been instantiated.
	initializeGlobalHandlers();
	super.log(record);
	}

	@Override
	public void addHandler(Handler h) {
	initializeGlobalHandlers();
	super.addHandler(h);
	}

	@Override
	public void removeHandler(Handler h) {
	initializeGlobalHandlers();
	super.removeHandler(h);
	}

	@Override
	Handler[] accessCheckedHandlers() {
	initializeGlobalHandlers();
	return super.accessCheckedHandlers();
	}
	}


	// Private method to be called when the configuration has
	// changed to apply any level settings to any pre-existing loggers.
	synchronized private void setLevelsOnExistingLoggers() {
	Enumeration<?> enum_ = props.propertyNames();
	while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
	String key = (String)enum_.nextElement();
	if (!key.endsWith(".level")) {
	// Not a level definition.
	continue;
	}
	int ix = key.length() - 6;
	String name = key.substring(0, ix);
	Level level = getLevelProperty(key, null);
	if (level == null) {
	System.err.println("Bad level value for property: " + key);
	continue;
	}
	for (LoggerContext cx : contexts()) {
	Logger l = cx.findLogger(name);
	if (l == null) {
	continue;
	}
	l.setLevel(level);
	}
	}
	}

	// Management Support
	private static LoggingMXBean loggingMXBean = null;
	/**
	* String representation of the
	* {@link javax.management.ObjectName} for the management interface
	* for the logging facility.
	*
	* @see java.lang.management.PlatformLoggingMXBean
	* @see java.util.logging.LoggingMXBean
	*
	* @since 1.5
	*/
	public final static String LOGGING_MXBEAN_NAME
	= "java.util.logging:type=Logging";

	/**
	* Returns <tt>LoggingMXBean</tt> for managing loggers.
	* An alternative way to manage loggers is through the
	* {@link java.lang.management.PlatformLoggingMXBean} interface
	* that can be obtained by calling:
	* <pre>
	* PlatformLoggingMXBean logging = {@link java.lang.management.ManagementFactory#getPlatformMXBean(Class)
	* ManagementFactory.getPlatformMXBean}(PlatformLoggingMXBean.class);
	* </pre>
	*
	* @return a {@link LoggingMXBean} object.
	*
	* @see java.lang.management.PlatformLoggingMXBean
	* @since 1.5
	*/
	public static synchronized LoggingMXBean getLoggingMXBean() {
	if (loggingMXBean == null) {
	loggingMXBean = new Logging();
	}
	return loggingMXBean;
	}

	/**
	* A class that provides access to the java.beans.PropertyChangeListener
	* and java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent without creating a static dependency
	* on java.beans. This class can be removed once the addPropertyChangeListener
	* and removePropertyChangeListener methods are removed.
	*/
	private static class Beans {
	private static final Class<?> propertyChangeListenerClass =
	getClass("java.beans.PropertyChangeListener");

	private static final Class<?> propertyChangeEventClass =
	getClass("java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent");

	private static final Method propertyChangeMethod =
	getMethod(propertyChangeListenerClass,
	"propertyChange",
	propertyChangeEventClass);

	private static final Constructor<?> propertyEventCtor =
	getConstructor(propertyChangeEventClass,
	Object.class,
	String.class,
	Object.class,
	Object.class);

	private static Class<?> getClass(String name) {
	try {
	return Class.forName(name, true, Beans.class.getClassLoader());
	} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	return null;
	}
	}
	private static Constructor<?> getConstructor(Class<?> c, Class<?>... types) {
	try {
	return (c == null) ? null : c.getDeclaredConstructor(types);
	} catch (NoSuchMethodException x) {
	throw new AssertionError(x);
	}
	}

	private static Method getMethod(Class<?> c, String name, Class<?>... types) {
	try {
	return (c == null) ? null : c.getMethod(name, types);
	} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
	throw new AssertionError(e);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns {@code true} if java.beans is present.
	*/
	static boolean isBeansPresent() {
	return propertyChangeListenerClass != null &&
	propertyChangeEventClass != null;
	}

	/**
	* Returns a new PropertyChangeEvent with the given source, property
	* name, old and new values.
	*/
	static Object newPropertyChangeEvent(Object source, String prop,
	Object oldValue, Object newValue)
	{
	try {
	return propertyEventCtor.newInstance(source, prop, oldValue, newValue);
	} catch (InstantiationException \| IllegalAccessException x) {
	throw new AssertionError(x);
	} catch (InvocationTargetException x) {
	Throwable cause = x.getCause();
	if (cause instanceof Error)
	throw (Error)cause;
	if (cause instanceof RuntimeException)
	throw (RuntimeException)cause;
	throw new AssertionError(x);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Invokes the given PropertyChangeListener's propertyChange method
	* with the given event.
	*/
	static void invokePropertyChange(Object listener, Object ev) {
	try {
	propertyChangeMethod.invoke(listener, ev);
	} catch (IllegalAccessException x) {
	throw new AssertionError(x);
	} catch (InvocationTargetException x) {
	Throwable cause = x.getCause();
	if (cause instanceof Error)
	throw (Error)cause;
	if (cause instanceof RuntimeException)
	throw (RuntimeException)cause;
	throw new AssertionError(x);
	}
	}
	}
	}

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